fast botanical oil distillation device utilizing microwave agent

专利摘要:
Various aspects of the disclosure relate to methods and systems for extracting vegetable oil from plant material. A system may comprise a microwave emitter, an extraction chamber and a cooling chamber. Microwave radiation emitted by the microwave emitter can dielectrically heat a microwave absorbing agent, which can heat the vegetable oil of the plant material. Vegetable oil from the plant material may be volatilized in the extraction chamber and may be directed to the cooling chamber for condensation.
公开号:BR112019011342A2
申请号:R112019011342
申请日:2017-12-01
公开日:2019-10-15
发明作者:Russell Thomas C.
申请人:Natural Extraction Systems, LLC；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

“FAST BOTANIC OIL DISTILLATION DEVICE USING MICROWAVE AGENT”
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [001] This application claims priority to Provisional Patent Application No. ^Q US 62 / 428,868, filed on December 1, 2016, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND [002] Microwaves were used effectively to steam distillate volatile essential oils from plant materials. However, microwaves did not have the ability to steam distill cannabinoid oils or heavy oil-resins from plant material effectively. The use of microwaves to directly heat dry vegetable materials to evaporate and distill high-boiling vegetable oils and oil-resins has also not proven effective, since most vegetable oils are predominantly non-polar molecules and do not absorb efficient microwave. Attempts to distill oil-resins with microwaves often result in the combustion of plant material before the desired oils evaporate, or ineffectively evaporate oil-resins while subjecting vegetable oils and oil-resins to thermal degradation. A more effective microwave distillation method is therefore desirable.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [003] This invention provides a method for rapidly and uniformly heating oils and oil-resins within the plant material by mixing or placing the plant material in contact with a microwave absorbing agent. With the use of this microwave agent, vegetable oils are quickly heated, volatilized and distilled without causing thermal break of the distilled oils.
[004] Several aspects of the invention relate to a method for extracting oil from plant material. The method can understand
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2/55 provide a system for extracting oil from plant material. The system may comprise (a) a microwave emitter, (b) an extraction chamber in communication with the microwave emitter, so that microwave radiation emitted by the microwave emitter is directed to the extraction chamber, and (c) a cooling chamber in communication with the extraction chamber, so that volatile oil in the extraction chamber is directed to the cooling chamber.
[005] The method may additionally comprise combining a plant material and a microwave absorbing agent; insert the plant material and the microwave absorption agent into the extraction chamber; irradiate the microwave absorber with microwave radiation emitted from the microwave emitter by heating dielectrically, thereby the microwave absorber and / or heating the microwave absorber through interfacial polarization or MaxwellWagner-Sillars, heating the plant material and volatilizing a vegetable oil from the plant material to produce a volatile oil; condensing the volatilized oil in the cooling chamber, thereby producing a condensed oil; and collecting a portion of the condensed oil, thereby producing a collected oil that is suitable for human consumption. The plant material can be heated mainly by transferring heat from the microwave-absorbing agent to the plant material, for example, by thermal radiation or convection, and not by dielectric heating of the plant material.
[006] The microwave absorbing agent can consist of several types of non-polar substrates or substrates that contain non-polar molecules, substrates that contain ions or dipole molecules, or it can consist of any other substance or substrate that is excited through microwave or electromagnetic radiation while (1) the microwave absorbing agent and any microwave absorbing composition are not both food or (2) the microwave absorbing agent or any
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3/55 microwave absorption composition is used in an amount that is substantially greater than that used in microwave food preparation (i.e., the microwave absorption agent or any microwave absorption composition is used in an amount that is at least 10 times greater than the amount used in microwave food preparation with respect to the amount of plant material, for example, silica can be added to the food as an anti-caking agent, for example, however, the addition of 100 grams of silica as a microwave absorbing agent in 100 grams of plant material has an amount of silica that is substantially greater than the amount of silica used in the microwave preparation of any food), and (3) the microwave absorption agent allows plant material to be heated above the relative boiling point of water (ie, where the relative boiling point is ive of water is the boiling point of water relative to the pressure inside an extraction chamber or removable cartridge and relative to the combined vapor pressure of volatile species inside the extraction chamber or removable cartridge, respectively, for example, under any boiling point rise).
[007] Combining the plant material with the microwave absorbing agent may comprise combining the plant material with a microwave absorbing composition comprising the microwave absorbing agent. The microwave absorption composition can comprise, for example, a mixture of solids, as described herein, for example, and at least some solids in the mixture of solids can comprise the microwave absorber. The solids in the solid mixture can be sized, for example, from about 0.1 pm to about 5 cm, such as about 0.1 pm to about 100 pm, about 1 pm to about 1 mm, about 10 pm to about 10 mm, about 100 pm to about 50 mm, about 0.1 pm to about 10 pm, about 1 pm to about 100 pm, about 10 pm to about 1 mm, about 100 pm to about 10 mm,
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4/55 about 1 mm to about 50 mm, about 0.1 pm to about 1 pm, about 0.5 pm to about 5 pm, about 1 pm to about 10 pm, about 5 pm to about 50 pm, about 10 pm, to about 100 pm, about 50 pm to about 500 pm, about 100 pm to about 1 mm, about 500 pm to about 5 mm, about 1 mm to about 1 cm, or about 5 mm to about 5 cm. The mixture of solids may be a powder or grain or may comprise microspheres or raschig rings, fibers, stems or leaves or forms of structured packaging. The mixture of solids may comprise metal, glass, ceramics and / or clay. In some embodiments, glass, ceramics or clay can be impregnated substances that consist of polar molecules that absorb microwaves.
[008] In some embodiments, combining the plant material with the microwave absorbing agent comprises combining the plant material with a microwave absorbing composition comprising the microwave absorbing agent, wherein the composition of Microwave absorption comprises at least one rod, tube or sheet, as described in this document, for example, and at least one rod, tube or sheet comprises the microwave absorbing agent. At least one stem, tube or leaf can be at least about 1 cm to about 100 cm in size, such as about 1 cm to about 10 cm, about 5 cm to about 50 cm, or about 10 cm to about 100 cm. For example, the microwave-absorbing composition may comprise at least one sheet, and combining the plant material with the microwave-absorbing agent may comprise spreading the plant material on the sheet and laminating the sheet on a rolled sheet.
[009] In some embodiments, the microwave absorption composition is not a liquid and the microwave absorption composition does not contain a liquid. In some embodiments, the microwave absorption composition comprises a solid component and a liquid component. In some embodiments, the
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5/55 microwave is a liquid or gel. In some embodiments, the microwave absorbing agent has a boiling point that is greater than the boiling point of vegetable oils targeted for extraction. As an example, the boiling point of the microwave absorber may be greater than 148 ° C (300 ° F) at atmospheric pressure, greater than 193 ° C (380 ° F) at atmospheric pressure, or greater than 232 ° C (450 ° F) at atmospheric pressure.
[010] The microwave absorber is typically a compound other than water. The microwave-absorbing agent can, for example, be a compound that is not present in food or is otherwise found in a typical human diet.
[011] In some embodiments, plant material consists of less than 20% by weight of water, such as less than 10% by weight of water. The method may further comprise drying the plant material before irradiating the microwave absorbing agent.
[012] In some modalities, the method additionally comprises changing the direction of propagation of microwave radiation in relation to the microwave absorption agent to evenly heat the plant material. The direction of propagation of the microwave radiation can be changed, for example, by shaking, shaking or turning the plant material and the microwave absorbing agent while the microwave absorbing agent is irradiated.
[013] In preferential modalities, the method does not cause pyrolysis of vegetable oil, volatile oil, condensed oil or collected oil. In preferred modalities, the method does not cause pyrolysis of the plant material.
[014] The method may additionally comprise monitoring at least one temperature inside the extraction chamber, for example, where the at least one temperature inside the extraction chamber includes the temperature of the plant material, the temperature of the microwave, the temperature of any absorption composition
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6/55 microwaves and / or the temperature of the prepared vegetable material. The method may further comprise maintaining a temperature within the extraction chamber at about 10 ° C (50 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F), such as about 10 ° C (50 ° F) at about 37 ° C (100 ° F), about 10 ° C (50 ° F) at about 65 ° C (150 ° F), about 148 ° C (300 ° F) at about 232 ° C (450 ° F), 156 ° C (314 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F), about 156 ° C (314 ° F) to about 219 ° C (427 ° F), about 156 ° C (314 ° F) to about 204 ° C (400 ° F), about 185 ° C (365 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F), about 185 ° C (365 ° F) at about 219 ° C (427 ° F), or about 185 ° C (365 ° F) at about 204 ° C (400 ° F). Maintaining a temperature inside the extraction chamber may comprise adjusting the microwave radiation power, for example, where adjusting the microwave radiation power comprises adjusting the microwave radiation intensity that radiates the absorption agent microwaves and / or turn on and off microwave radiation that radiates the microwave absorber.
[015] In some embodiments, the method additionally comprises maintaining at least one surface of the cooling chamber at a temperature of about 21 ° C (70 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), such as about 26 ° C (80 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 65 ° C ( 150 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 93 ° C (200 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 100 ° C (212 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 121 ° C (250 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 148 ° C (300 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 26 ° C (80 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 65 ° C (150 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 93 ° C (200 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 100 ° C (212 ° F) about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 121 ° C (250 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 26 ° C (80 ° F) to about 121 ° C (250 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about 121 ° C (250 ° F), about 65 ° C (150 ° F) to about 121 ° C (250 ° F), about 93 ° C ( 200 ° F) to about 121 ° C (250 ° F), about 100 ° C (212 ° F) to about
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121 ° C (250 ° F), about 26 ° C (80 ° F) to about 93 ° C (200 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about 93 ° C (200 ° F) F), about 65 ° C (150 ° F) to about 93 ° C (200 ° F), about 26 ° C (80 ° F) to about 65 ° C (150 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about 65 ° C (150 ° F), or about 26 ° C (80 ° F) to about 37 ° C (100 ° F). In some embodiments, the method additionally comprises maintaining at least one surface of the cooling chamber at a temperature of about 1.5 ° C (35 ° F) to about 100 ° C (212 ° F), such as about from 4 ° C (40 ° F) to about 100 ° C (212 ° F), about 10 ° C (50 ° F) to about 100 ° C (212 ° F), about 15.5 ° C (60 ° F) to about 100 ° C (212 ° F), about 21 ° C (70 ° F) to about 100 ° C (212 ° F), about 1.5 ° C (35 ° F ) at about 65 ° C (150 ° F), about 4 ° C (40 ° F) at about 65 ° C (150 ° F), about 10 ° C (50 ° F) at about 65 ° C (150 ° F), about 15.5 ° C (60 ° F) to about 65 ° C (150 ° F), about 21 ° C (70 ° F) to about 65 ° C (150 ° F) F), about 1.5 ° C (35 ° F) to about 37 ° C (100 ° F), about 4 ° C (40 ° F) to about 37 ° C (100 ° F), about from 10 ° C (50 ° F) to about 37 ° C (100 ° F), about 15.5 ° C (60 ° F) to about 37 ° C (100 ° F), about 21 ° C (70 ° F) to about 37 ° C (100 ° F), about 1.5 ° C (35 ° F) at about 32 ° C (90 ° F), about 4 ° C (40 ° F) to about 32 ° C (90 ° F), about 10 ° C (50 ° F) at about 32 ° C (90 ° F), about 15.5 ° C (60 ° F) to about 32 ° C (90 ° F), about 21 ° C (70 ° F) to about 32 ° C (90 ° F) ), about 1.5 ° C (35 ° F) to about 26 ° C (80 ° F), about 4 ° C (40 ° F) to about 26 ° C (80 ° F), about 10 ° C (50 ° F) to about 26 ° C (80 ° F), about 15.5 ° C (60 ° F) to about 26 ° C (80 ° F), about 21 ° C ( 70 ° F) to about 26 ° C (80 ° F), about 1.5 ° C (35 ° F) to about 21 ° C (70 ° F), about 4 ° C (40 ° F) at about 21 ° C (70 ° F), about 10 ° C (50 ° F) to about 21 ° C (70 ° F), or about 15.5 ° C (60 ° F) at about 21 ° C (70 ° F) (for example, for terpene recovery).
[016] The method may additionally comprise removing water from the collected oil. The removal of water can be carried out, for example, keeping the collected oil at a temperature of about 100 ° C (212 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), thus evaporating the water from the oil
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8/55 collected, or separating an aqueous phase from the collected oil.
[017] In preferred modalities, volatile oil, condensed oil and collected oil lack organic solvent, especially butane and isobutane. In some modalities, volatile oil, condensed oil and collected oil lack chloroform. In some modalities, volatile oil, condensed oil and collected oil lack ethanol.
[018] In some embodiments, inserting the plant material and the microwave-absorbing agent into the extraction chamber comprises inserting a cartridge (for example, removable cartridge) that comprises the plant material and the microwave-absorbing agent in the extraction chamber extraction chamber.
[019] The extraction chamber may comprise a first opening and a second opening, in which the plant material and the microwave absorbing agent are inserted into the extraction chamber through the first opening, and the oil volatized in the extraction chamber. it is directed to the cooling chamber through the second opening.
[020] In some embodiments, the method additionally comprises sealing the first opening of the extraction chamber before irradiating the microwave absorbing agent, so that the volatile oil cannot leave the extraction chamber through the first opening .
[021] In some embodiments, the plant material comprises hemp or cannabis. For example, plant material may comprise cannabis sativa, cannabis indica, cannabis ruderalis, a hybrid hybrid of a cannabis species or family, or a combination of two or more of the above.
[022] In some embodiments, volatile oil, condensed oil and collected oil comprise cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidivarin (CBDV), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol, tetra- hydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol,
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9/55 cannabichrome, a chemically converted cannabinoid, any other cannabinoid, linalool, karyophyllene, myrrene, limonene, humulene, pinene or a combination of two or more of the above. For example, volatile oil, condensed oil and collected oil may comprise delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. In some modalities, volatile oil, condensed oil and collected oil comprise cannabidiol (CBD). In some embodiments, the collected oil is suitable for use in a pharmaceutical formulation. In some embodiments, the collected oil is suitable for use as a psychotropic substance.
[023] In preferential modalities, the method does not include steam distillation. For example, in some embodiments, the mass of vegetable oil that is volatized from the plant material is greater than the mass of water that is volatized from the plant material. In some embodiments, the ratio of the mass of vegetable oil that is volatized from plant material to the mass of water that is volatized from plant material is at least about 1: 3, about 1: 2, about 1: 1, about 2: 1 or about 3: 1.
[024] In some embodiments, the boiling point of vegetable oil is greater than 100 ° C (212 ° F), that is, vegetable oil boils at a temperature greater than 100 ° C (212 ° F) as it exists in the mixture of plant material and microwave absorption agent / composition in the extraction chamber of a system, as described in this document.
[025] In some embodiments, the invention relates to a method for extracting tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and / or cannabidiol (CBD) from hemp and / or cannabis which comprises: (1) providing a system for extracting oil from plant material , in which the system comprises (a) a microwave emitter, (b) an extraction chamber in communication with the microwave emitter, so that microwave radiation emitted by the microwave emitter is directed to the extraction chamber, and (c) a cooling chamber in communication with the extraction chamber, so that volatile oil in the extraction chamber is directed to the extraction chamber.
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10/55 cooling; (2) combining a plant material and a microwave absorber; (3) insert the plant material and the microwave absorber into the extraction chamber; (4) irradiating the microwave-absorbing agent with microwave radiation emitted from the microwave emitter by heating dielectrically, thus the microwave-absorbing agent, heating the plant material to a temperature of about 156 ° C ( 314 ° F) at about 232 ° C (450 ° F), and by volatilizing THC and / or CBD of plant material to produce a volatile oil comprising THC and / or CBD; (5) condensing the volatilized oil at a temperature of about 21 ° C (70 ° F) to about 185 ° C (365 ° F) in the cooling chamber, thereby producing a condensed oil comprising THC and / or CBD; and (6) collect a portion of the condensed oil, thereby producing a collected oil comprising THC and / or CBD that is suitable for human consumption, in which: the plant material is hemp or cannabis, and the method does not cause pyrolysis of the THC or CBD.
[026] Several aspects of the invention relate to a system for extracting oil from plant material. The system may comprise a microwave emitter; an extraction chamber in communication with the microwave emitter, so that microwave radiation emitted by the microwave emitter is directed to the extraction chamber; a microwave absorption composition disposed in the extraction chamber, wherein the microwave absorption composition comprises a microwave absorption agent and the microwave absorption composition is not food; a plant material disposed in the extraction chamber; and a cooling chamber in communication with the extraction chamber, so that oil volatized in the extraction chamber is directed to the cooling chamber. The system can be configured to dielectrically heat the microwave absorption agent through microwave radiation emitted from the microwave emitter and to heat plant material through thermal radiation emitted from the microwave absorption composition
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11/55 thereby volatilizing oil from plant material to produce volatile oil. The cooling chamber can be operable to condense at least a portion of the volatile oil.
[027] The microwave absorption composition may comprise, for example, a mixture of solids, as described in this document, for example, and at least some solids in the solid mixture may comprise the microwave absorber . The solids of the solid mixture can be sized, for example, from about 50 pm to about 5 cm, such as about 50 pm to about 500 pm, about 100 pm to about 1 mm, about 500 pm about 5 mm, about 1 mm to about 1 cm, or about 5 mm to about 5 cm. The mixture of solids may be a powder or may comprise microspheres. The mixture of solids may comprise metal, glass, ceramics, sand and / or clay.
[028] The microwave absorption composition may comprise, for example, at least one stem, tube or leaf, as described in this document, for example, wherein the at least one stem, tube or leaf comprises the microwave absorption. The at least one stem, tube or leaf can be at least about 1 cm to about 100 cm in size, such as about 1 cm to about 10 cm, about 5 cm to about 50 cm, or about from 10 cm to about 100 cm. For example, the microwave absorption composition may comprise at least one sheet, wherein the sheet (or sheets) of the at least one sheet is present as a rolled sheet (or sheets).
[029] In some embodiments, the microwave absorption composition is not a liquid and the microwave absorption composition does not contain a liquid. In some embodiments, the microwave absorption composition comprises a solid component and a liquid component. In some embodiments, the microwave-absorbing agent is a liquid or gel. In some embodiments, the microwave absorber has a boiling point greater than 182 ° C (360 ° F)
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12/55 at atmospheric pressure, such as greater than 232 ° C (450 ° F) at atmospheric pressure.
[030] The microwave absorber is typically a compound other than water. The microwave-absorbing agent can, for example, be a compound that is not present in food or is otherwise found in a typical human diet.
[031] In some embodiments, the extraction chamber comprises a first shaped and sized opening to allow plant material and the microwave absorption composition to enter and exit the extraction chamber.
[032] The system may additionally comprise a removable cartridge, in which the removable cartridge comprises the plant material and the microwave absorption composition, and the first opening of the extraction chamber is shaped and sized to allow the cartridge removable in and out of the extraction chamber. For example, the outer walls of the removable cartridge can slipily engage the inner walls of the extraction chamber.
[033] The system may additionally comprise a sealing disc, in which the sealing disc seals the first opening, thereby preventing the volatile oil from leaving the extraction chamber through the first opening.
[034] In some embodiments, the extraction chamber comprises a second opening configured to allow the volatilized oil to leave the extraction chamber and enter the cooling chamber. In some embodiments, the size of the second opening does not exceed 5 cm in any dimension. For example, the size of the second opening may be less than or equal to 4 cm, 3 cm, 2 cm, 1 cm or 5 mm.
[035] In some embodiments, the system additionally comprises a filter, for example, in which the filter is positioned between the plant material and the second opening. The filter can be configured for both
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13/55 to prevent the passage of solid particles from leaving the extraction chamber through the second opening as well as to allow the passage of the volatile oil through the second opening.
[036] In some embodiments, the extraction chamber comprises a first opening and a second opening; the first opening is shaped and sized to allow the plant material and the microwave absorption composition to enter and exit the extraction chamber; the first opening is reversibly sealed, thus preventing the volatile oil from leaving the extraction chamber through the first opening; and the second opening is configured to allow the volatile oil to leave the extraction chamber and enter the cooling chamber.
[037] In some embodiments, plant material consists of less than 20% by weight of water, such as less than 10% by weight of water. The system can comprise about 100 g to about 10 kg of plant material, such as about 100 g to about 1 kg, about 200 to about 2 kg, about 300 to about 3 kg, about 400 to about of 4 kg, or about 500 g to about 5 kg of plant material.
[038] In some embodiments, the plant material comprises hemp or cannabis. For example, plant material may comprise cannabis sativa, cannabis indica, cannabis ruderalis, a hybrid hybrid of a cannabis species or family, or a combination of two or more of the above.
[039] In some embodiments, the plant material comprises cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidivarin (CBDV), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol, tetrahydrocannabin (THCV), cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol, cannabichromene, a chemically converted cannabinoid, any other cannabinoid, linalool, karyophyllene, mircene, limonene, humulene, pinene or a combination of two or more of the above. For example, the plant material may comprise tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). In some modalities, the material
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Vegetable 14/55 comprises cannabidiol (CBD).
[040] Various aspects of the invention relate to a system for extracting tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or cannabidiol (CBD) from hemp or cannabis which comprises: (1) a microwave emitter; (2) an extraction chamber in communication with the microwave emitter, so that microwave radiation emitted by the microwave emitter is directed to the extraction chamber; (3) a microwave absorption composition arranged in the extraction chamber, in which the microwave absorption composition is not food, the microwave absorption composition comprises a microwave absorption agent and the microwave absorption has a boiling point that is greater than 182 ° C (360 ° F) at atmospheric pressure; (4) about 100 g to about 10 kg of plant material disposed in the extraction chamber, where the plant material is hemp or cannabis, and the plant material comprises THC and / or CBD; and (5) a cooling chamber in communication with the extraction chamber, so that THC and / or CBD volatised in the extraction chamber is directed to the cooling chamber, in which: (6) the extraction chamber comprises a first opening and a second opening; (7) the first opening is shaped and sized to allow the plant material and the microwave absorption composition to enter and exit the extraction chamber; (8) the first opening is reversibly sealed, thus preventing the volatile THC and / or CBD from leaving the extraction chamber through the first opening; (9) the second opening is configured to allow the volatile THC and / or CBD to exit the extraction chamber and enter the cooling chamber; (10) the system is configured to dielectrically heat the microwave absorber through microwave radiation emitted from the microwave emitter;
(11) the system is configured to heat the plant material through thermal radiation emitted from the microwave absorption composition; and (12) the cooling chamber is operable to condense the volatile THC and / or CBD.
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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [041] Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [042] Various embodiments of the invention are based on the finding that microwaves from a mixture of cannabis and a microwave absorbing agent allow efficient extraction in cannabinoids from cannabis. Such methods may be superior to past methods of extracting cannabinoids from cannabis as they do not require a solvent, such as butane. The systems and methods disclosed in this document can also minimize the amount of contact between extracted cannabinoids and moving parts of the systems, which allows for robust systems and minimal maintenance.
[043] The modalities of the present invention can be differentiated from the microwave-based methods of the prior art to extract essential oils from plant material since the inventive systems and methods are not steam distillation systems and methods. Microwave-assisted steam distillation and steam distillation in general have not been effective in distilling cannabinoids or heavy oil-resins, since the vapor pressure of cannabinoids and heavy oil-resins is extremely low, and thus cannabinoids and oil- Heavy resins are not amenable to prior art methods of microwave assisted steam distillation. Microwave-based methods for extracting essential oils from plant material of the prior art depend on the dielectric heating of the water to heat the essential oils. The systems and methods disclosed in this document depend on the dielectric heating of a microwave absorbing agent, which is typically not water.
A. VEGETABLE MATERIAL [044] Several aspects of the invention relate to systems and methods for extracting oil from a plant material.
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16/55 [045] Plant material is typically not food. The plant material may, however, comprise vegetable oil that is suitable for human consumption. The phrase suitable for human consumption refers to therapeutic, medicinal, nutritional and / or cosmetic use, for example, as a pharmaceutical agent (such as a psychoactive or anticonvulsant agent) or food supplement. Human consumption includes enteral intake (for example, as in a pill, capsule, food or drink), topical administration and inhalation (for example, of vaporized oil). Human consumption requires contact of the vegetable oil with the body of a human being (for example, in the form of a solid, liquid or gas). Oil that is not suitable for human consumption includes oil that has undergone significant pyrolysis (for example, more than 10% by weight of the oil has undergone thermochemical decomposition, thus resulting in more than 10% by weight of thermochemical decomposition products that are not terpenes or cannabinoids) and oil containing crude oil, fuel oil, petrochemical products or non-GRAS solvent (for example, more than 0.2% by weight of the oil is crude oil, fuel oil, petrochemical products and / or solvent not GRAS).
[046] The plant material can be, for example, hemp or cannabis. The plant material may comprise various forms of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and / or various forms of cannabidiol (CBD). In some embodiments, the plant material is essentially THC free. The plant material may comprise cannabidiol (CBD). The plant material may comprise cannabis, such as cannabis sativa, cannabis indica, cannabis ruderalis, a hybridized cross of a cannabis species or family, or a combination of two or more of the above. Other forms of plant material can also be used, for example, hops.
[047] In some embodiments, the plant material comprises a flower, leaf, and / or stem, for example, the plant material comprises flowers, leaves and / or stems. The plant material can consist of more than 10%, 20%, 25%, 50%, 70%, 75%, 80% or 90% of flowers, such as
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17/55 dried or cured flowers. The plant material may consist of more than 10%, 20%, 25%, 50%, 70%, 75%, 80%, or 90% of pistil flowers, such as dried or cured pistil flowers.
[048] In some modalities, the plant material is dried and / or cured. For example, plant material may contain less than 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6% or 5% by weight of water. One method may comprise drying the plant material, for example, before inserting the plant material in an extraction chamber.
[049] The plant material can be optionally ground, for example, in particles sized between 0.1 pm and 5 mm, 20 pm and 5 mm, or in other grinding sizes. In some embodiments, the plant material is not ground, and is largely intact.
[050] In some embodiments, the plant material does not include fleshy fruit. For example, in some examples, the plant material does not comprise a citrus fruit or a melon. In some embodiments, plant material is not obtained from a tree. In some embodiments, the plant material does not include fleshy fruit, citrus fruit, citron, grapefruit, Tosa grapefruit, Sudachi, tangerine (Citrus unshiu), orange (Citrus sinensis), poncã orange, watermelon, melon, tree, peel, conifer, Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), grass, rhizome of ginger, ginger, corn, straw, rice, rice straw, bagasse, coconut, coconut shell or animal excrement.
[051] A system as described in this document can comprise at least about 50 grams of plant material, such as at least about 75 g, about 100 g, about 150 g, about 200 g, about 250 g , about 300 g, about 400 g, or about 500 g (for example, inside an extraction chamber and / or removable cartridge, as described in this document). A system as described in this document can comprise about 50 grams at 10
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18/55 kg of plant material, such as about 75 g to about 10 kg, about 100 to about 10 kg, about 150 to about 10 kg, about 200 to about 10 kg, about 250 to about about 10 kg, about 300 g, about 10 kg, about 400 g, about 10 kg, about 500 g, about 10 kg, about 50 g, about 5 kg, about 75 g, about 5 kg, about 100 g about 5 kg, about 150 g about 5 kg, about 200 g about 5 kg, about 250 g about 5 kg, about 300 g about 5 kg, about 400 g about about 5 kg, about 500 g about 5 kg, about 10 g about 1 kg, about 50 g about 1 kg, about 75 g about 1 kg, about 100 g about 1 kg, about about 150 g to about 1 kg, about 200 to about 1 kg, about 250 to about 1 kg, about 300 to about 1 kg, about 400 to about 1 kg, or about 500 to about 1 kg (for example, inside an extraction chamber and / or removable cartridge, as described in this document).
[052] A system as described in this document can comprise at least about 1 kilogram of plant material, such as at least about 2 kg, about 5 kg, about 10 kg, about 25 kg, about 50 kg , about 100 kg, about 250 kg, or about 500 kg (for example, inside an extraction chamber and / or removable cartridge, as described in this document). A system as described in this document can comprise about 2 kg to about 500 kg of plant material, such as about 5 kg to about 500 kg, about 10 kg to about 500 kg, about 25 kg to about 500 kg, about 50 kg to about 500 kg, about 100 kg to about 500 kg, about 250 kg to about 500 kg, about 2 kg to about 250 kg, about 5 kg to about 250 kg, about 10 kg to about 250 kg, about 25 kg to about 250 kg, about 50 kg to about 250 kg, about 100 kg to about 250 kg, about 2 kg to about about 100 kg, about 5 kg to about 100 kg, about 10 kg to about 100 kg, about 25 kg to about 100 kg, about 50 kg to about 100 kg, about 2 kg to about 50 kg, about 5 kg to about 50 kg, about 10 kg
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19/55 to about 50 kg, about 25 kg to about 50 kg, about 2 kg to about 25 kg, about 5 kg to about 25 kg, about 10 kg to about 25 kg, about from 2 kg to about 10 kg, about 5 kg to about 10 kg, about 2 kg to about 5 kg (for example, inside an extraction chamber and / or removable cartridge described in this document).
B. VEGETABLE OIL [053] A vegetable oil can comprise various forms of cannabinoids and cannabinoid acids, various forms of cannabidiol (CBD) or cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabidivarin (CBDV), various forms of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), delta- 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol, tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol, cannabicromene, a chemically converted cannabinoid, any other cannabinoid, ligninol, several forms , limonene, humulene, pinene or a combination of two or more of the above. For example, a volatile oil, condensed oil and / or collected oil can comprise CBD, for example, in a concentration of at least about 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 80 % or even 90% or more by weight. Similarly, a volatile oil, condensed oil and / or collected oil can comprise THC, for example, at a concentration of at least about 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 50%, 75% , 80% or even 90% or more by weight.
[054] The terms tetrahydrocannabinol and THC refer to (-) - trans-A ⁹ -tetrahydrocannabinol and isomers thereof.
[055] A volatile oil, condensed oil and / or collected oil is typically suitable for human consumption, meaning that the oil has not undergone significant pyrolysis (for example, less than 10% of the oil has undergone thermochemical decomposition by weight, being that thermochemical decomposition results in thermochemical decomposition products that are neither terpenes nor cannabinoids) and the oil is essentially free of crude oil, fuel oil, petrochemicals and
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20/55 non-GRAS solvent (for example, less than 0.2% by weight of the oil is crude oil, fuel oil, petrochemicals and / or non-GRAS solvent). A volatized oil, condensed oil and / or collected oil may comprise less than 10%, 5%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.02 % or 0.01% by weight of the oil that has undergone thermochemical decomposition. A volatized oil, condensed oil and / or collected oil may comprise less than 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.02%, 0.01%, 0.005%, 0.002% or 0.001% by weight of crude oil, fuel oil, petrochemical products and non-GRAS solvent.
[056] In some embodiments, the boiling point of vegetable oil is greater than 100 ° C (212 ° F), such as greater than about 121 ° C (250 ° F), about 135 ° C (275 ° F) ), or about 148 ° C (300 ° F). In some embodiments, the boiling point of vegetable oil is about 100 ° C (212 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F), about 121 ° C (250 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F), about 135 ° C (275 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F), about 148 ° C (300 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F) , about 100 ° C (212 ° F) to about 204 ° C (400 ° F), about 121 ° C (250 ° F) to about 204 ° C (400 ° F), about 135 ° C (275 ° F) at about 204 ° C (400 ° F), or about 148 ° C (300 ° F) at about 204 ° C (400 ° F). In some embodiments, vegetable oil is immiscible with water and the boiling point of vegetable oil is about 100 ° C (212 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F), about 121 ° C (250 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F), about 135 ° C (275 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F), about 148 ° C (300 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F), about 100 ° C (212 ° F) to about 204 ° C (400 ° F), about 121 ° C (250 ° F) to about 204 ° C (400 ° F), about 135 ° C (275 ° F) to about 204 ° C (400 ° F), or about 148 ° C (300 ° F) to about 204 ° C (400 ° F). The term boiling point, as used in this document, refers to the boiling point at atmospheric pressure, unless the pressure is explicitly specified (for example, as a range of pressures or approximate pressures or a specific pressure). The term boiling point, as used in this document, refers to the boiling point of a species as it exists in an extraction chamber, in
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21/55 relation to the other molecules, that is, in the light of any boiling point rise (for example, in the presence of solutes) and any decrease in boiling point (for example, in the presence of immiscible liquid phases), unless the context of the term, boiling point, clearly indicates otherwise.
[057] In some modalities, the volatile oil, condensed oil and / or collected oil is essentially free of limonene, βfelandreno, γ-terpinene, β-elenene, a-pinene, β-pinene, linalool and β-mircene. In some embodiments, volatile oil, condensed oil and / or collected oil is essentially THC free.
C. SYSTEMS [058] One method may include providing a system for extracting oil from plant material. A system typically comprises (a) a microwave emitter, (b) an extraction chamber in communication with the microwave emitter, so that the microwave radiation emitted by the microwave emitter is directed to the extraction chamber, and (c) a cooling chamber in communication with the extraction chamber, so that volatile oil in the extraction chamber is directed to the cooling chamber.
[059] In some embodiments, an inventive system comprises less than all of the microwave emitter, the extraction chamber and the cooling chamber, for example, when the system components are supplied separately. An operating version of the inventive system typically comprises a plant material and a microwave absorbing agent, as described in this document. A system can comprise a plant material, microwave absorbing agent and / or microwave absorbing composition disposed within the extraction chamber.
D. MICROWAVE EMITTER [060] Microwave emitters are known, and the
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22/55 the exact nature of the microwave emitter is not particularly limiting as long as the microwave emitter is capable of dielectrically heating a microwave absorbing agent or heating a microwave absorbing agent through interfacial polarization, which is also known as the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars polarization. A microwave emitter may comprise, for example, a cavity magnetron. A microwave emitter typically emits microwave radiation of a frequency that is capable of dielectrically heating a microwave absorber.
[061] In some embodiments, the microwave emitter is configured to emit microwave radiation at a frequency that favors absorption by the microwave absorption agent in relation to water and / or polysaccharides (for example, cellulose). In some embodiments, the microwave emitter is configured to emit microwave radiation at a frequency that favors absorption by the microwave absorbing agent over plant material, for example, to prevent thermal decomposition or combustion of plant material. The microwave emitter can be a microwave emitter of variable frequency. In some embodiments, the system comprises a bandpass filter that favors the transmission of microwave radiation that corresponds to the frequencies that the microwave absorption agent can absorb and / or that favors the transmission of microwave radiation. waves corresponding to the frequencies that water and / or polysaccharides and / or carbon molecules and / or plant materials can absorb.
[062] A system may comprise a waveguide, for example, to transport microwave radiation from the microwave emitter to the extraction chamber.
[063] A system is typically configured to dynamically change the microwave radiation power emitted from the microwave emitter, for example, in response to feedback
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23/55 received from a temperature sensor.
E. EXTRACTION CHAMBER [064] An extraction chamber is configured to receive a mixture of plant material and a microwave absorption agent or microwave absorption composition. The extraction chamber can be configured to mix, shake and / or rotate the plant material and the microwave absorption agent or the microwave absorption composition, for example, thus allowing homogeneous heating.
[065] The extraction chamber typically comprises a first opening and a second opening. The first opening is typically shaped and sized to allow plant material and a microwave-absorbing composition to enter and exit the extraction chamber. The first opening can be shaped and sized to allow a removable cartridge to enter and exit the extraction chamber, for example, in which the removable cartridge comprises plant material and a microwave absorption composition.
[066] A system may comprise a sealing disc, for example, in which the sealing disc is configured to seal the first opening, thereby preventing the volatile oil from leaving the extraction chamber through the first opening. The nature of the sealing disc is not particularly limiting as long as the sealing disc is stable at temperatures up to at least 204 ° C (400 ° F), stable in both water and vegetable oil, and stable when exposed to microwave radiation . The sealing disc can be optionally opaque for microwave radiation.
[067] A first opening can be reversibly sealed (for example, with a sealing disc), thus preventing the volatile oil from leaving the extraction chamber through the first opening.
[068] The second opening is typically configured to allow volatile oil to leave the extraction chamber and enter the chamber
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24/55 cooling. In some embodiments, the second opening does not exceed 5 cm in any dimension. For example, the second opening may not exceed 4 cm, 3 cm, 2 cm, 1 cm or 5 mm in any dimension. The second opening can be circular or substantially circular, although the precise geometry of the second opening is not particularly limiting. A system can comprise a filter positioned within or adjacent to the second opening and configured to inhibit the passage of solid particles through the second opening. A filter is typically configured to prevent the passage of solid particles from leaving the extraction chamber through the second opening. A filter is typically configured to allow volatile oil to pass through the second opening. A filter can be optionally heated, for example, to a temperature greater than about 93 ° C (200 ° F), 148 ° C (300 ° F), 160 ° C (320 ° F), 176 ° C (350 ° F) F), 182 ° C (360 ° F), 187 ° C (370 ° F), 193 ° C (380 ° F), or 204 ° C (400 ° F). In some embodiments, the filter may comprise or consist of a microwave-absorbing fiber or sintered material to ensure that the filter is sufficiently heated to inhibit condensation of the volatile oils in the filter or adjacent to the filter.
[069] A system can optionally comprise a membrane positioned within or adjacent to the second opening and configured to inhibit the passage of liquids through the second opening. A membrane is typically configured to prevent the passage of liquid from leaving the extraction chamber through the second opening. A membrane is typically configured to allow volatile oil to pass through the second opening.
[070] In some embodiments, the first opening is positioned at the top of the extraction chamber and the second opening is positioned at the bottom of the extraction chamber, for example, so that a removable cartridge can be inserted into the extraction chamber through the first opening and volatile oil can be directed from the
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25/55 extraction to the cooling chamber through the second opening. Such configurations, one of which is illustrated in Figure 1, are suitable, for example, when the plant material and the microwave absorption composition / agent are substantially solid during loading and heating.
[071] In embodiments in which the plant material and / or microwave absorption composition / agent comprises a liquid, the system may include a second opening positioned on the side or top of the extraction chamber and / or a membrane covering the second opening to inhibit the flow of liquid through the second opening. The precise locations of the first opening and the second opening are not particularly limiting, however, as a person of ordinary skill knows how to readily position the first opening and the second opening and otherwise configure the system for ease of use and maintenance.
[072] The extraction chamber is not typically significantly pressurized, for example, as volatile oil and other gases can escape from the extraction chamber to enter the cooling chamber. The method may include maintaining the pressure of the extraction chamber at about 0.3 atmospheres to about 5 atmospheres, such as about 0.5 atm to about 2 atm, about 0.6 atm to about 1.8 atm, or about 0.8 atm to about 1.6 atm. The ambient pressure of urbanized regions of the United States of America, for example, is in the range of about 0.8 atm (for example, in Denver, Colorado) to about 1.0 atm (for example, in Miami, Florida) , and microwave assisted volatilization of vegetable oil can increase the pressure of a system significantly higher than ambient pressure. The system can, however, be configured to maintain a pressure close to the ambient pressure in the extraction chamber due to the higher pressures increasing the boiling point of the vegetable oil.
[073] Those of skill in the art will recognize
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26/55 immediately that the aid of a vacuum can increase the rate of vaporization and / or allow the reduction of temperatures necessary to volatilize oils of vegetable material. In some embodiments, a method comprises applying a vacuum to the extraction chamber and / or any removable cartridge. A system can comprise a vacuum pump, for example, in which the vacuum pump is operable to reduce the pressure in the extraction chamber and / or any removable cartridge. The vacuum can reduce the pressure in the extraction chamber and / or any removable cartridge to about 0.05 atm to about 1 atm, such as about 0.1 atm to about 1 atm, about 0.2 atm to about 1 atm, about 0.5 atm to about 1 atm, about 0.05 atm to about 0.8 atm, about 0.1 atm to about 0.8 atm, about 0.2 atm at about 0.8 atm, about 0.5 atm at about 0.8 atm, about 0.05 atm at about 0.6 atm, about 0.1 atm at about 0.6 atm , about 0.2 atm to about 0.6 atm, about 0.5 atm to about 0.6 atm, about 0.05 atm to about 0.5 atm, about 0.1 atm to about 0.5 atm, or about 0.2 atm to about 0.5 atm.
F. COOLING CHAMBER [074] In certain modalities, the system includes a cooling chamber in communication with the extraction chamber, so that volatile oil is directed to the cooling chamber. The cooling chamber is typically operable to cool the volatilized oil to or below an oil condensing temperature, so that at least some of the volatilized oil will liquefy.
[075] The nature of the cooling chamber is not particularly limiting. The cooling chamber may comprise a capacitor, such as a Liebig capacitor, West capacitor, Allihn capacitor, Davies capacitor, Graham capacitor, Friedrichs capacitor, spiral capacitor, coil capacitor or Dimroth capacitor. A condenser can be cooled, for example, with water.
[076] In some embodiments, the cooling chamber
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27/55 lacks a condenser, for example, as the volatile oil can condense at a temperature that is substantially higher than the ambient temperature.
[077] A cooling chamber may comprise one or more heated surfaces, for example, where the heated surface (or surfaces) "is heated with respect to the ambient temperature (ie, 21 ° C (70 ° F)) .
[078] Cooling chamber surfaces can be maintained at a temperature of about 21 ° C (70 ° F) to about 176 ° C (350 ° F), such as about 21 ° C (70 ° F) at about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 21 ° C (70 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 21 ° C (70 ° F) to about 121 ° C ( 250 ° F), about 21 ° C (70 ° F) to about 100 ° C (212 ° F), about 21 ° C (70 ° F) to about 93 ° C (200 ° F), about from 21 ° C (70 ° F) to about 65 ° C (150 ° F), about 21 ° C (70 ° F) to about 37 ° C (100 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about 176 ° C (350 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about 121 ° C (250 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about 100 ° C (212 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about 93 ° C (200 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about 65 ° C (150 ° F), about 65 ° C (150 ° F) to about 176 ° C (350 ° F), about 65 ° C (150 F) about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 65 ° C (150 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 65 ° C (150 ° F) to about 121 ° C (250 ° F), about 65 ° C (150 ° F) to about 100 ° C (212 ° F), about 65 ° C (150 ° F) to about 93 ° C (200 ° F) ), about 93 ° C (200 ° F) to about 176 ° C (350 ° F), about 93 ° C (200 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 93 ° C (200 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 93 ° C (200 ° F) to about 121 ° C (250 ° F), about 93 ° C (200 ° F) at about 100 ° C (212 ° F), about 100 ° C (212 ° F) at about 176 ° C (350 ° F), about 100 ° C (212 ° F) at about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 100 ° C (212 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 100 ° C (212 ° F) to about 121 ° C (250 ° F), about 121 ° C (250 ° F) to about 176 ° C (350 ° F), about 121 ° C (250 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), or about 121 ° C
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28/55 (250 ° F) at about 148 ° C (300 ° F). In some embodiments, at least one surface of the cooling chamber is maintained at a temperature of about -198 ° C (-325 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), such as about -198 ° C (-325 ° F) to about -156 ° C (-250 ° F), about -184 ° C (-300 ° F) to about -128 ° C (-200 ° F), about -156 ° C (-250 ° F) to about -101 ° C (-150 ° F), about -128 ° C (-200 ° F) to about -73 ° C (-100 ° F), about -101 ° C (-150 ° F) to about -45 ° C (-50 ° F), about -73 ° C (-100 ° F) to about -17 ° C (0 ° F), about -45 ° C (-50 ° F) to about 10 ° C (50 ° F), about -17 ° C (0 ° F) to about 37 ° C (100 ° F), or about 10 ° C (50 ° F) to about 65 ° C (150 ° F). In some embodiments, for example, the surfaces of the cooling chamber are maintained at a temperature of about 100 ° C (212 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), thus allowing condensation of cannabinoids and inhibiting water condensation.
[079] In some embodiments, the temperature of the cooling chamber is maintained at a temperature low enough to condense the volatilized oil, but high enough to keep the condensed oil in a liquid state so that it flows immediately from the cooling chamber. . In some embodiments, the cooling chamber can be kept at a very cold temperature to capture all forms of volatilized oils and then be periodically heated to expel the collected oil.
[080] In some embodiments, the cooling chamber can be cooled to lower temperatures, such as below 37 ° C (100 ° F), below 32 ° C (90 ° F), below 26 ° C (80 ° F), below 21 ° C (70 ° F), or below 10 ° C (50 ° F), -1 ° C (30 ° F), -6 ° C (20 ° F), -17 ° C (0 ° F) or lower. Using lower temperatures in the cooling chamber can facilitate the collection of terpenes or volatile oils from a lower boiling point. Using lower temperatures in the cooling chamber may also be necessary in ways where a vacuum is used to assist the distillation of oils extracted from plant materials. In other modalities,
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29/55 the cooling chamber can be cooled to a range of about 10 ° C (50 ° F) to about -1 ° C (30 ° F), about -1 ° C (30 ° F) to about from -12 ° C (10 ° F), about -12 ° C (10 ° F) to about -23 ° C (-10 ° F), about -23 ° C (-10 ° F) to about -34 ° C (-30 ° F), about 10 ° C (50 ° F) to about -17 ° C (0 ° F), about -1 ° C (30 ° F) to about - 73 ° C (-100 ° F), about -17 ° C (0 ° F) to about -128 ° C (-200 ° F), about -45 ° C (-50 ° F) to about -198 ° C (-325 ° F), or other low temperatures that will generally be known to those skilled in the distillation technique.
[081] The cooling chamber can be a spray cooling chamber that has a pressurized sprayer operable to spray collection solvent into the volatile oil, so that the collection solvent quickly cools the volatile oil to or below a condensing temperature of volatile oil. Spray cooling chambers are described, for example, in PCT Patent Application Publications No. ^Q WO2015049585 and W02016161420, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. The pulverized collection solvent can optionally be recirculated so that the collection solvent comprises condensed oil from the liquid collector, and the system can additionally include an operable pump to pump the collection solvent and oil extracted from the liquid collector into the high pressure sprayer. Alternatively, the pulverized collection solvent is a substantially purified collection solvent. A collection solvent cooler can be provided to cool the collection solvent to the high pressure sprayer. A collection solvent preferably consists essentially of GRAS solvents, such as ethanol and water (for example, and possibly solutes, such as trace solutes).
G. MICROWAVE ABSORPTION AGENT [082] A system can comprise a microwave absorption agent, for example, in which the microwave absorption agent is disposed in the extraction chamber of the system. One method
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30/55 may comprise combining a plant material with a microwave absorbing agent.
[083] In certain embodiments, the microwave-absorbing agent is not present in food or is otherwise found in a typical human diet.
[084] In some embodiments, the microwave absorbing agent is present in food, plant material, or another type of composition that is exposed to microwaves and also the quantity of the microwave absorbing agent used in the system and methods described in this document it is greater than the amount of the microwave absorbing agent as typically found in food, plant material or other types of composition.
[085] A system may comprise at least 1 gram of the microwave absorber, such as at least about 2 g, about 3 g, about 4 g, about 5 g, about 6 g, about about 7 g, about 8 g, about 9 g, about 10 g, about 15 g, about 20 g, about 25 g, about 30 g, about 40 g, about 50 g, about 50 g, about about 75 g, about 100 g, about 150 g, about 200 g, about 250 g, about 300 g, about 400 g, or about 500 g. A system can comprise 1 g to about 10 kg of the microwave absorbing agent, such as about 10 g to about 10 kg, about 15 g to about 10 kg, about 20 g to about 10 kg, about 25 g to about 10 kg, about 30 to about 10 kg, about 40 to about 10 kg, about 50 to about 10 kg, about 75 to about 10 kg, about 100 to about 10 about 150 g, about 10 kg, about 200 g, about 10 kg, about 250 g, about 10 kg, about 300 g, about 10 kg, about 400 g, about 10 kg, about 500 about 10 kg, about 10 g about 5 kg, about 15 g about 5 kg, about 20 g about 5 kg, about 25 g about 5 kg, about 30 g about 5 kg , about 40 g to about 5 kg, about 50 to about 5 kg, about 75 to about 5 kg, about 100 to about 5 kg, about 150 to about 5 kg, about 200 g
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31/55 to about 5 kg, about 250 g to about 5 kg, about 300 to about 5 kg, about 400 to about 5 kg, about 500 to about 5 kg, about 10 to about of about 1 kg, about 15 g to about 1 kg, about 20 to about 1 kg, about 25 to about 1 kg, about 30 to about 1 kg, about 40 to about 1 kg, about about 50 g about 1 kg, about 75 g about 1 kg, about 100 g about 1 kg, about 150 g about 1 kg, about 200 g about 1 kg, about 250 g about 1 kg, about 300 g to about 1 kg, about 400 g to about 1 kg, or about 500 g to about 1 kg.
[086] A system can comprise at least 1 kilogram of the microwave absorbing agent, such as at least about 2 kg, about 3 kg, about 4 kg, about 5 kg, about 6 kg, about about 7 kg, about 8 kg, about 9 kg, about 10 kg, about 15 kg, about 20 kg, about 25 kg, about 30 kg, about 30 kg, about 40 kg, about 50 kg, about about 75 kg, about 100 kg, about 150 kg, about 200 kg, about 250 kg, about 300 kg, about 400 kg, or about 500 kg. A system can comprise 1 kg to about 500 kg of the microwave absorbing agent, such as about 10 kg to about 500 kg, about 15 kg to about 500 kg, about 20 kg to about 500 kg, about 25 kg to about 500 kg, about 30 kg to about 500 kg, about 40 kg to about 500 kg, about 50 kg to about 500 kg, about 75 kg to about 500 kg, about 100 kg to about 500 kg, about 150 kg to about 500 kg, about 200 kg to about 500 kg, about 250 kg to about 500 kg, about 300 kg to about 500 kg, about 400 kg to about 500 kg, about 1 kg to about 100 kg, about 5 kg to about 100 kg, about 10 kg to about 100 kg, about 15 kg to about 100 kg, about 20 kg to about 100 kg, about 25 kg to about 100 kg, about 30 kg to about 100 kg, about 40 kg to about 100 kg, about 50 kg to about 100 kg, about 75 kg to about 100 kg, about 1 kg to about 50 kg, about 5 kg to about 50 kg, about 10 kg to about 50 kg, about 15 kg to about 50 kg, about 20 kg to about 50 kg, about 25 kg to about 50 kg, about 30 kg to about 50 kg, about 40 kg to
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32/55 about 50 kg, about 1 kg to about 10 kg, about 5 kg to about 20 kg, about 10 kg to about 20 kg, or about 15 kg to about 20 kg.
[087] A system can comprise a microwave absorbing agent and plant material at a ratio (mass: mass) of about 10: 1 to about 1: 100, such as about 10: 1 to about 5: 1, about 10: 1 to about 1: 1, about 5: 1 to about 1: 1, about 5: 1 to about 1: 2, about 2: 1 to about 1: 1, about 2: 1 to about 1: 2, about 1: 1 to about 1: 2, about 1: 1 to about 1: 3, about 1: 1 to about 1: 4, about 1: 1 to about 1: 5, about 1: 1 to about 1:10, about 1: 1 to about 1:20, about 3: 2 to about 2: 3, about 3: 2 to about 1: 1, about 3: 2 to about 1: 3, about 2: 3 to about 1: 3, about 2: 3 to about 1: 1, about 1: 2 to about 1: 3, about 1: 2 to about 1: 4, about 1: 2 to about 1: 5, about 1: 3 to about 1: 4, about 1: 3 to about 1: 5, about 1: 3 to about 1:10, about 1: 4 to about 1: 5, about 1: 4 to about 1:10, about 1: 5 to about 1:10, about 1: 5 to about 1:20, about 1: 5 to about 1:25, about 1:10 about 1:20, about 1:10 to about 1:50, about 1:10 to about 1: 100, about 1:20 to about 1: 100, or about 1:50 to about 1: 100, for example, about 10: 1, 5: 1, 4: 1, 3: 1, 2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 3, 5: 4, 1: 1, 4: 5 , 3: 4, 2: 3, 1: 2, 1: 3, 1: 4, 1: 5, 1: 6, 1: 7, 1: 8, 1: 9, 1: 10, 1:20, 1 : 25, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50 or 1: 100.
[088] A method may comprise combining a plant material and a microwave absorber, inserting the plant material and the microwave absorber into an extraction chamber, irradiating the microwave absorber, and / or dielectrically heat the microwave absorbing agent, wherein the amount of the microwave absorbing agent is at least 1 kilogram of the microwave absorbing agent, such as at least about 2 kg, about about 3 kg, about 4 kg, about 5 kg, about 6 kg, about 7 kg, about 8 kg, about 9 kg, about 10 kg, about 10 kg, about 15 kg, about 20 kg, about about 25 kg, about 30 kg, about 40 kg, about 50 kg, about 75 kg, about 100 kg, about 150 kg, about 200 kg, about 250 kg, about 250 kg, about 300 kg, about in
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400 kg, or about 500 kg. One method may comprise combining a plant material and a microwave absorbing agent, inserting the plant material and the microwave absorbing agent into an extraction chamber, irradiating the microwave absorbing agent and / or heating dielectrically the microwave absorbing agent, wherein the amount of the microwave absorbing agent is from 1 g to about 10 kg, such as about 10 g to about 10 kg, about 15 g to about 10 kg, about 20 g to about 10 kg, about 25 g to about 10 kg, about 30 to about 10 kg, about 40 to about 10 kg, about 50 to about 10 kg, about 75 to about about 10 kg, about 100 g about 10 kg, about 150 g about 10 kg, about 200 g about 10 kg, about 250 g about 10 kg, about 300 g about 10 kg, about from 400 g to about 10 kg, about 500 g to about 10 kg, about 10 g to about 5 kg, about 15 g to about 5 kg, about 20 g to about 5 kg, about 25 ga about 5 kg, about 30 g about 5 kg, about 40 g about 5 kg, about 50 g about 5 kg, about 75 g about 5 kg, about 100 g about 5 kg, about 150 g about 5 kg, about 200 g about 5 kg, about 250 g about 5 kg, about 300 g about 5 kg, about 400 g about 5 kg, about 500 g about about 5 kg, about 10 g to about 1 kg, about 15 to about 1 kg, about 20 to about 1 kg, about 25 to about 1 kg, about 30 to about 1 kg, about from 40 to about 1 kg, about 50 to about 1 kg, about 75 to about 1 kg, about 100 to about 1 kg, about 150 to about 1 kg, about 200 to about 1 kg, about 250 g to about 1 kg, about 300 to about 1 kg, about 400 to about 1 kg, or about 500 to about 1 kg.
[089] A method may comprise combining a plant material and a microwave absorber, inserting the plant material and the microwave absorber into an extraction chamber, irradiating the microwave absorber and / or dielectrically heat the microwave absorbing agent, where the amount of the
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34/55 microwave absorption is at least 1 gram, such as at least about 2 g, about 3 g, about 4 g, about 5 g, about 6 g, about 7 g, about about 8 g, about 9 g, about 10 g, about 15 g, about 20 g, about 25 g, about 30 g, about 40 g, about 50 g, about 75 g, about 75 g, about of 100 g, about 150 g, about 200 g, about 250 g, about 300 g, about 400 g, or about 500 g. One method may comprise combining a plant material and a microwave absorbing agent, inserting the plant material and the microwave absorbing agent into an extraction chamber, irradiating the microwave absorbing agent and / or heating dielectrically the microwave absorbing agent, wherein the amount of the microwave absorbing agent is from 1 kg to about 500 kg, such as about 10 kg to about 500 kg, about 15 kg to about 500 kg, about 20 kg to about 500 kg, about 25 kg to about 500 kg, about 30 kg to about 500 kg, about 40 kg to about 500 kg, about 50 kg to about 500 kg, about 75 kg to about 500 kg, about 100 kg to about 500 kg, about 150 kg to about 500 kg, about 200 kg to about 500 kg, about 250 kg to about 500 kg, about 300 kg to about 500 kg, about 400 kg to about 500 kg, about 1 kg to about 100 kg, about 5 kg to about 100 kg, about 10 kg to about 100 kg, about 15 kg to about 100 kg, about 20 kg to about 100 kg, about 25 kg to about 100 kg, about 30 kg to about 100 kg, about 40 kg to about 100 kg, about 50 kg to about 100 kg, about 75 kg to about 100 kg, about 1 kg to about 50 kg, about 5 kg to about 50 kg, about 10 kg to about 50 kg, about 15 kg to about 50 kg, about 20 kg to about 50 kg, about 25 kg to about 50 kg, about 30 kg to about 50 kg, about 40 kg to about 50 kg, about 1 kg to about 10 kg, about 5 kg to about 20 kg, about 10 kg to about 20 kg, or about 15 kg to about 20 kg.
[090] One method may comprise combining a microwave absorbing agent and a plant material at a ratio (mass: mass) of about 10: 1 to about 1: 100, such as about 10: 1 to
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35/55 about 5: 1, about 10: 1 to about 1: 1, about 5: 1 to about 1: 1, about 5: 1 to about 1: 2, about 2: 1 about 1: 1, about 2: 1 to about 1: 2, about 1: 1 to about 1: 2, about 1: 1 to about 1: 3, about 1: 1 to about from 1: 4, about 1: 1 to about 1: 5, about 1: 1 to about 1:10, about 1: 1 to about 1:20, about 3: 2 to about 2 : 3, about 3: 2 to about 1: 1, about 3: 2 to about 1: 3, about 2: 3 to about 1: 3, about 2: 3 to about 1: 1 , about 1: 2 to about 1: 3, about 1: 2 to about 1: 4, about 1: 2 to about 1: 5, about 1: 3 to about 1: 4, about from 1: 3 to about 1: 5, about 1: 3 to about 1:10, about 1: 4 to about 1: 5, about 1: 4 to about 1:10, about 1 : 5 to about 1:10, about 1: 5 to about 1:20, about 1: 5 to about 1:25, about 1:10 to about 1:20, about 1:10 about 1:50, about 1:10 to about 1: 100, about 1:20 to about 1: 100, or about 1:50 to about 1: 100, for example, about 10 : 1.5 : 1,4: 1,3: 1,2: 1,3: 2, 4: 3, 5: 4, 1: 1, 4: 5, 3: 4, 2: 3, 1: 2, 1: 3 , 1: 4, 1: 5, 1: 6, 1: 7, 1: 8, 1: 9, 1:10, 1:20, 1:25, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50, or 1: 100.
[091] Polar compounds absorb microwaves, which include both organic and inorganic polar compounds. Inorganic ionic molecules may be preferred for use as microwave absorption agents because inorganic molecules exhibit high thermostability in relation to organic molecules and due to the fact that ions are generally less volatile than uncharged molecules. Examples of economical inorganic ionic molecules include phosphates, carbonates, nitrates, sulfates and silicates. A microwave-absorbing agent can be a phosphate, carbonate, nitrate, sulfate or silicate. Phosphoric acid, for example, has a boiling point of 212 ° C (415 ° F) and thus phosphates are suitable as microwave absorbing agents to volatize vegetable oils that have boiling points below 212 ° C ( 415 ° F). Examples of economical organic polar molecules include starches, sugars, fatty acids, amines, various types of molecules that contain carbon and glycol ethers. A microwave absorbing agent can be
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36/55 a starch, sugar, fatty acid, amine, another type of molecule that contains carbon or glycol ether. Lauric acid and stearic acid, for example, have boiling points of 297 ° C (568 ° F) and 361 ° C (682 ° F), respectively, and thus lauric acid (and / or laurate ion) and stearic acid (and / or stearate ion) are generally suitable for use as microwave absorbing agents. Glycerol has a boiling point of 290 ° C (554 ° F), and thus, glycerol is generally suitable for use as a microwave absorbing agent. Ethylene glycol has a boiling point of 197 ° C (387 ° F), and thus ethylene glycol is suitable as a microwave absorbing agent to volatize vegetable oils that have boiling points below 197 ° C (387 ° F) . Fatty acids and saturated vegetable oils with high smoke points, especially hydrogenated vegetable oils, are generally useful as microwave-absorbing agents (for example, coconut oil, cottonseed oil and palm oil). In some embodiments, the microwave absorbing agent is a polymer, such as polyethylene glycol or polysiloxane. The microwave absorbing agent can be a carbon-based solid, such as activated carbon, carbon, amorphous carbon, a graphite intercalating compound, a carbon nanotube or exfoliated graphite, for example, in which micro-radiation microwave absorption agent waves causes interfacial polarization (Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars polarization). The microwave absorbing agent is not typically water.
[092] A microwave absorbing agent typically has a boiling point that is greater than the boiling point of vegetable oil. For example, a microwave absorbing agent may have a boiling point greater than about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 154 ° C (310 ° F), about 156 ° C (314 ° F) ), about 160 ° C (320 ° F), about 165 ° C (330 ° F), about 171 ° C (340 ° F), about 176 ° C (350 ° F), about 182 ° C (360 ° F), about 187 ° C (370 ° F), about 193 ° C (380 ° F), about 198 ° C (390 ° F), about 204 ° C (400 ° F) , about 210 ° C (410 ° F), about 215 ° C (420 ° F), about 221 ° C (430 ° F), about 226 ° C (440 ° F), or about 232 ° Ç
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37/55 (450 ° F). The precise boiling point of the microwave absorber is not particularly limiting, as long as it is higher than the boiling point of vegetable oil. The boiling point of water, in comparison, is 100 ° C (212 ° F).
[093] A microwave absorbing agent typically has an auto-ignition temperature that is higher than the boiling point of vegetable oil. For example, a microwave absorbing agent may have an auto-ignition temperature greater than about 182 ° C (360 ° F), about 187 ° C (370 ° F), about 193 ° C (380 ° F) ), about 198 ° C (390 ° F), about 204 ° C (400 ° F), about 210 ° C (410 ° F), about 215 ° C (420 ° F), about 221 ° C (430 ° F), about 226 ° C (440 ° F), or about 232 ° C (450 ° F). The precise auto-ignition temperature of the microwave absorber is not particularly limiting, as long as it is higher than the boiling point of vegetable oil.
H. MICROWAVE ABSORPTION COMPOSITION [094] A system optionally comprises a microwave absorption composition, for example, in which the microwave absorption composition is arranged in the extraction chamber of the system. A microwave-absorbing composition comprises a microwave-absorbing agent, as the term "microwave-absorbing composition" is used in this document. One method may comprise combining a plant material with a microwave-absorbing composition. A microwave absorption composition is typically a solid or a solid that has been moistened with a liquid.
[095] A microwave absorption composition typically has a high ratio of surface area to volume, for example, at least about 100 m ² to 1 m ³ , 200 m ² to 1 m ³ , 500 m ² to 1 m ³ , 1000 m ² to 1 m ³ , 10000 m ² to 1 m ³ 100000 m ² to 1 m ³ , or 1000000 m ² to 1 m ³ . A spherical particle of 10 pm, for example, has a surface area to volume ratio of 600000 m ² to 1 m ³ and a 5 cm microsphere has a ratio
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38/55 of surface area for a volume of 120 m ² to 1 m ³ . A high ratio of surface area to volume allows efficient thermal conduction between the microwave absorption composition and a plant material.
[096] A microwave absorption composition can comprise a mixture of solids that are sized from about 0.1 pm to about 250 pm, about 0.1 pm to about 500 pm, about 0.1 pm to about 1 mm, about 1 pm to about 250 pm, about 1 pm to about 500 pm, about 1 pm to about 1 mm, about 10 pm to about 250 pm, about 10 pm to about 500 pm, about 10 pm to about 1 mm, about 50 pm to about 500 pm, about 100 pm to about 1 mm, about 500 pm to about 5 mm, about 1 mm to about 1 cm, or about 5 mm to about 5 cm. The mixture of solids can comprise, for example, a powder and / or microspheres, fibers of the various diameters described, grains, flakes, structured packaging and / or other mixtures of solids that promote a high surface area.
[097] In some embodiments, a microwave absorption composition may consist of an absorption substrate generally without a microwave or a weak microwave absorption that has been impregnated with one or more microwave absorption agents. Such impregnated substrates may contain various types of polar molecules, dipole molecules, various types of carbon molecules, carbonates, any of the microwave absorbing agents specifically mentioned in this application, or even encapsulated water molecules or mixtures thereof. Impregnated glass substrates, impregnated ceramic substrates, impregnated clays, impregnated salts, impregnated metals or other impregnated substrates can be used as a microwave absorbing composition. Some examples without limitation of absorption substrates generally without microwaves that can be impregnated with one or more microwave absorbing agents include various forms of glass microspheres, glass powders, glass grains, glass fibers, packaging of glass, glass wool and
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39/55 other forms of glass containing microwave-absorbing agents, such as ions, dipole molecules, polar molecules, and / or other microwave-absorbing impurities, various forms of ceramic microspheres, ceramic powders and ceramic grains or ceramic flakes containing microwave absorbing agents, such as ions, impregnated water molecules, dipole molecules, polar molecules and / or other microwave absorbing substances, various forms of clays containing agents specific microwave absorption agents, and other substrates that contain microwave absorbing agents which will generally be known to those skilled in the art. An additional example of an impregnated substrate is sand, or various forms of crushed stones or minerals. Various types of carbonate minerals can also be used.
[098] The mixture of solids can comprise several types of metals, glass, ceramics, sand and / or clays. In some embodiments, the microwave absorption composition is not a liquid. In some embodiments, the microwave absorption composition does not contain a liquid. Alternatively, the microwave absorption composition can comprise a solid component and a liquid component, for example, wherein the solid component encapsulates the liquid component to inhibit the release of the liquid component from the microwave absorption composition, or in that the liquid component coats the composition in such a way that the liquid remains on the surface of the solid. Still, in other embodiments, the microwave absorption composition is a liquid or gel.
[099] A microwave absorption composition may comprise at least one stem, tube or sheet. The at least one stem, tube or leaf can be at least about 1 cm to about 100 cm in size, such as about 1 cm to about 10 cm, about 5 cm to about 50 cm, or about from 10 cm to about 100 cm. For example, a rod can have (1) a diameter of about 50 pm to about 5 cm, about 50 pm to about 500 pm, about 100 pm to about 1 mm, about 500 pm to about 5
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40/55 mm, about 1 mm to about 1 cm, or about 5 mm to about 5 cm and (2) a length of about 1 cm to about 1 m, about 1 cm to about 10 cm, about 5 cm to about 50 cm, about 10 cm to about 100 cm, about 50 cm to about 500 cm, or about 100 cm to about 1 m. A tube can have (1) an internal diameter of about 50 pm to about 5 cm, about 50 pm to about 500 pm, about 100 pm to about 1 mm, about 500 pm to about 5 mm , about 1 mm to about 1 cm, or about 5 mm to about 5 cm, (2) a length of about 1 cm to about 1 m, about 1 cm to about 10 cm, about 5 cm to about 50 cm, about 10 cm to about 100 cm, about 50 cm to about 500 cm, or about 100 cm to about 1 m, and (3) a thickness of about 50 pm at about 1 cm, about 50 pm to about 500 pm, about 100 pm to about 1 mm, about 500 pm to about 5 mm, or about 1 mm to about 1 cm. A sheet can have (1) a length and / or width of about 1 cm to about 1 m, about 1 cm to about 10 cm, about 5 cm to about 50 cm, about 10 cm to about about 100 cm, about 50 cm to about 500 cm, or about 100 cm to about 1 m, and (2) a thickness of about 10 pm to about 1 cm, about 10 pm to about 100 pm, about 50 pm to about 500 pm, about 100 pm to about 1 mm, about 500 pm to about 5 mm, or about 1 mm to about 1 cm.
[0100] A method may comprise combining a plant material with a microwave absorbing agent, wherein a microwave absorbing composition comprises the microwave absorbing agent, the microwave absorbing composition is a sheet and combining comprises spreading the plant material on the sheet and laminating the sheet onto a rolled sheet.
[0101] In certain embodiments, the microwave absorption composition is not present in food nor is it found otherwise in a typical human diet.
[0102] In some modalities, the composition of
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41/55 microwave absorption is present in food, plant material, or other type of composition that is exposed to microwaves and also the amount of the microwave absorption composition used in the system and methods described in the present document is greater than the amount of the microwave absorption composition as typically found in food, plant material or other types of composition.
[0103] A system can comprise at least 1 gram of the microwave absorption composition, such as at least about 2 g, about 3 g, about 4 g, about 5 g, about 6 g, about about 7 g, about 8 g, about 9 g, about 10 g, about 15 g, about 20 g, about 25 g, about 30 g, about 40 g, about 50 g, about 50 g, about about 75 g, about 100 g, about 150 g, about 200 g, about 250 g, about 300 g, about 400 g, or about 500 g. A system can comprise 1 g to about 10 kg of the microwave absorption composition, such as about 10 g to about 10 kg, about 15 g to about 10 kg, about 20 g to about 10 kg, about 25 g to about 10 kg, about 30 to about 10 kg, about 40 to about 10 kg, about 50 to about 10 kg, about 75 to about 10 kg, about 100 to about 10 about 150 g, about 10 kg, about 200 g, about 10 kg, about 250 g, about 10 kg, about 300 g, about 10 kg, about 400 g, about 10 kg, about 500 about 10 kg, about 10 g about 5 kg, about 15 g about 5 kg, about 20 g about 5 kg, about 25 g about 5 kg, about 30 g about 5 kg , about 40 g to about 5 kg, about 50 to about 5 kg, about 75 to about 5 kg, about 100 to about 5 kg, about 150 to about 5 kg, about 200 to about about 5 kg, about 250 g about 5 kg, about 300 g about 5 kg, c about 400 g to about 5 kg, about 500 g to about 5 kg, about 10 to about 1 kg, about 15 to about 1 kg, about 20 to about 1 kg, about 25 to about about 1 kg, about 30 g to about 1 kg, about 40 to about 1 kg, about 50 to about 1 kg, about 75 to about 1 kg, about 100 to about 1 kg, about from 150 g to about 1 kg,
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42/55 about 200 g to about 1 kg, about 250 g to about 1 kg, about 300 g to about 1 kg, about 400 g to about 1 kg, or about 500 g to about 1 kg.
[0104] A system can comprise a microwave absorption composition and plant material at a ratio (mass: mass) of about 10: 1 to about 1: 100, such as about 10: 1 to about 5: 1, about 10: 1 to about 1: 1, about 5: 1 to about 1: 1, about 5: 1 to about 1: 2, about 2: 1 to about 1: 1, about 2: 1 to about 1: 2, about 1: 1 to about 1: 2, about 1: 1 to about 1: 3, about 1: 1 to about 1: 4, about 1: 1 to about 1: 5, about 1: 1 to about 1:10, about 1: 1 to about 1:20, about 3: 2 to about 2: 3, about 3: 2 to about 1: 1, about 3: 2 to about 1: 3, about 2: 3 to about 1: 3, about 2: 3 to about 1: 1, about 1: 2 to about 1: 3, about 1: 2 to about 1: 4, about 1: 2 to about 1: 5, about 1: 3 to about 1: 4, about 1: 3 to about 1: 5, about 1: 3 to about 1:10, about 1: 4 to about 1: 5, about 1: 4 to about 1:10, about 1: 5 to about 1:10, about 1: 5 to about 1:20, about 1: 5 to about 1:25, about from 1:10 to about 1:20, about 1:10 to about 1:50, about 1: 10 to about 1: 100, about 1:20 to about 1: 100, or about 1:50 to about 1: 100, for example, about 10: 1.5: 1.4: 1.3: 1.2: 1.3: 2, 4: 3, 5: 4, 1: 1 , 4: 5, 3: 4, 2: 3, 1: 2, 1: 3, 1: 4, 1: 5, 1: 6, 1: 7, 1: 8, 1: 9, 1:10, 1 : 20, 1:25, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50, or 1: 100.
[0105] A method may comprise combining a plant material and a microwave absorption composition, inserting the plant material and the microwave absorption composition into an extraction chamber, irradiating the microwave absorption composition and / or dielectrically heat the microwave absorption composition, wherein the amount of the microwave absorption composition is at least 1 gram, such as at least about 2 g, about 3 g, about 4 g , about 5 g, about 6 g, about 7 g, about 8 g, about 9 g, about 10 g, about 15 g, about 20 g, about 25 g, about 30 g , about 40 g, about
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43/55 g, about 75 g, about 100 g, about 150 g, about 200 g, about 250 g, about 300 g, about 400 g, or about 500 g. One method may comprise combining a plant material and a microwave absorption composition, inserting the plant material and the microwave absorption composition into an extraction chamber, irradiating the microwave absorption composition and / or dielectrically heating the absorption composition microwave, where the amount of the microwave absorption composition is from 1 g to about 10 kg, such as about 10 g to about 10 kg, about 15 g to about 10 kg, about 20 g to about 10 kg, about 25 g to about 10 kg, about 30 to about 10 kg, about 40 to about 10 kg, about 50 to about 10 kg, about 75 to about 10 kg, about 100 g to about 10 kg, about 150 to about 10 kg, about 200 to about 10 kg, about 250 to about 10 kg, about 300 to about 10 kg, about 400 to about 10 kg, about 500 g about 10 kg, about 10 g about 5 kg, about 15 g about 5 kg, about 20 g and ce about 5 kg, about 25 g to about 5 kg, about 30 to about 5 kg, about 40 to about 5 kg, about 50 to about 5 kg, about 75 to about 5 kg, about 100 g about 5 kg, about 150 g about 5 kg, about 200 g about 5 kg, about 250 g about 5 kg, about 300 g about 5 kg, about 400 g about about 5 kg, about 500 g about 5 kg, about 10 g about 1 kg, about 15 g about 1 kg, about 20 g about 1 kg, about 25 g about 1 kg, about about 30 g to about 1 kg, about 40 to about 1 kg, about 50 to about 1 kg, about 75 to about 1 kg, about 100 to about 1 kg, about 150 to about 1 kg, about 200 g to about 1 kg, about 250 g to about 1 kg, about 300 to about 1 kg, about 400 to about 1 kg, or about 500 to about 1 kg.
[0106] A method may comprise combining a microwave absorption composition and a plant material at a ratio (mass: mass) of about 10: 1 to about 1: 100, such as about 10: 1 to about from 5: 1, about 10: 1 to about 1: 1, about 5: 1 to about 1: 1, about
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44/55 from 5: 1 to about 1: 2, about 2: 1 to about 1: 1, about 2: 1 to about 1: 2, about 1: 1 to about 1: 2, about 1: 1 to about 1: 3, about 1: 1 to about 1: 4, about 1: 1 to about 1: 5, about 1: 1 to about 1:10, about 1: 1 to about 1:20, about 3: 2 to about 2: 3, about 3: 2 to about 1: 1, about 3: 2 to about 1: 3, about 2: 3 to about 1: 3, about 2: 3 to about 1: 1, about 1: 2 to about 1: 3, about 1: 2 to about 1: 4, about 1: 2 to about 1: 5, about 1: 3 to about 1: 4, about 1: 3 to about 1: 5, about 1: 3 to about 1:10, about 1: 4 to about 1: 5, about 1: 4 to about 1:10, about 1: 5 to about 1:10, about 1: 5 to about 1:20, about 1: 5 to about 1: 25, about 1:10 to about 1:20, about 1:10 to about 1:50, about 1:10 to about 1: 100, about 1:20 to about 1: 100, or about 1:50 to about 1: 100, for example, about 10: 1.5: 1.4: 1.3: 1.2: 1.3: 2, 4: 3, 5: 4, 1: 1, 4: 5, 3: 4, 2: 3, 1: 2, 1: 3, 1: 4, 1: 5, 1: 6, 1: 7, 1: 8, 1: 9, 1:10, 1:20, 1:25, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50, or 1: 100.
[0107] A microwave absorption composition typically lacks compounds that have a boiling point that is less than the boiling point of vegetable oil. For example, a microwave absorption composition typically lacks compounds that have a boiling point of less than about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 154 ° C (310 ° F), about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 160 ° C (320 ° F), about 165 ° C (330 ° F), about 171 ° C (340 ° F), about 176 ° C (350 ° F) ), about 182 ° C (360 ° F), about 187 ° C (370 ° F), about 193 ° C (380 ° F), about 198 ° C (390 ° F), about 204 ° C (400 ° F), about 210 ° C (410 ° F), about 215 ° C (420 ° F), about 221 ° C (430 ° F), about 226 ° C (440 ° F) , or about 232 ° C (450 ° F). The precise boiling point of the compounds that make up a microwave absorption composition is not particularly limiting, while each compound has a boiling point that is greater than the boiling point of vegetable oil. The boiling point of water, in comparison, is 100 ° C (212 ° F).
[0108] A microPetition absorption composition 870190051536, from 05/31/2019, p. 73/155
45/55 waves typically have an auto-ignition temperature that is higher than the boiling point of vegetable oil. For example, a microwave absorption composition may have an auto-ignition temperature greater than about 182 ° C (360 ° F), about 187 ° C (370 ° F), about 193 ° C (380 ° F) ), about
198 ° C (390 ° F), about 204 ° C (400 ° F), about 210 ° C (410 ° F), about
215 ° C (420 ° F), about 221 ° C (430 ° F), about 226 ° C (440 ° F), or about 232 ° C (450 ° F). The precise auto-ignition temperature of the microwave absorption composition is not particularly limiting, as long as it is higher than the boiling point of vegetable oil.
I. CARTRIDGES [0109] A system can comprise one or more removable cartridges. A removable cartridge is typically configured to contain a prepared plant material (i.e., a mixture comprising plant material and a microwave absorbing agent or microwave absorbing composition). A removable cartridge can comprise prepared plant material. A removable cartridge is preferably shaped and sized to allow the removable cartridge to enter and exit the extraction chamber, for example, through a first opening of the extraction chamber. A removable cartridge includes outer walls, and the outer walls of a removable cartridge can slipily engage the inner walls of an extraction chamber. In this way, a removable cartridge can facilitate the insertion and / or removal of the cartridge and / or plant material prepared inside and outside the extraction chamber.
[0110] A removable cartridge contains an opening that allows volatile oil to escape from the cartridge. A removable cartridge contains an opening that allows the transmission of microwave radiation in the cartridge or a wall that is transparent to the transmission of microwave radiation at a frequency that is capable of dielectrically heating a microwave absorber and / or heat the microwave absorbing agent through interfacial polarization or Maxwell Petition 870190051536, from 05/31/2019, p. 74/155
46/55
Wagner-Sillars.
[0111] A removable cartridge is optionally configured to allow the rotation, shaking or shaking of prepared plant material within it.
[0112] A system may comprise a sealing disc, for example, in which the sealing disc is configured to seal at least a portion of an opening for the removable cartridge. For example, the removable cartridge can comprise a single opening, the plant material and microwave absorbing agent / composition can be inserted into the removable cartridge through the single opening, and the single opening can be sealed with the sealing disc. The sealing disc may comprise an opening configured to direct volatile oil from within the removable cartridge to the cooling chamber. A filter, as described in this document, can optionally be positioned between the sealing disc and the mixture of plant material and microwave absorbing agent / composition.
J. METHODS [0113] A method of the modalities typically comprises providing a system for extracting oil from plant material, wherein the system comprises a microwave emitter, extraction chamber and cooling chamber, as described in this document.
[0114] A method typically comprises combining a plant material and a microwave absorber, thereby generating a prepared plant material. Combining a plant material and microwave absorber may comprise combining the plant material and a microwave absorber composition comprising the microwave absorber. Combine can refer to mixing or merging. “Combine, as the term is used in this document, refers to the positioning of a plant material in proximity to a microwave absorbing agent or composition of
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47/55 microwave absorption, so that the agent or composition can heat the plant material directly (for example, through direct contact between the agent or composition and the plant material, such as through thermal radiation) and / or indirectly (for example, through the circulation of gas between the agent or composition and plant material, such as through convection). Combination preferably strikes a balance between maximizing the contact surface area between the plant material and the microwave-absorbing agent or composition and a need for empty spaces in the prepared plant material to allow the volatized oil to leave the prepared plant material.
[0115] A method typically comprises inserting the prepared plant material in the extraction chamber of the system. Inserting the prepared plant material into the extraction chamber may comprise inserting a cartridge comprising the prepared plant material into the extraction chamber. The prepared plant material can be inserted into the extraction chamber through a first opening of the extraction chamber.
[0116] One method may comprise closing a first opening of the extraction chamber, for example, after inserting the prepared plant material in the extraction chamber. Closure may comprise sealing. An extraction chamber can be closed, for example, with a sealing disc. A sealing disc can be configured to seal the first opening of an extraction chamber, thereby preventing volatile oil from leaving the extraction chamber through the first opening.
[0117] A method typically comprises irradiating a microwave absorbing agent with microwaves emitted from a microwave emitter by heating dielectrically, thereby the microwave absorbing agent and / or heating the agent microwave absorption through interfacial polarization or Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars, heating a vegetable oil and volatizing the vegetable oil to produce a volatile oil. The heating of vegetable oil can be mediated by a
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48/55 microwave and / or plant material absorption composition, for example, through conduction, convection and / or thermal radiation, although the precise heating mechanism is not particularly limiting.
[0118] A method typically comprises heating the plant material to a temperature greater than the boiling point of the vegetable oil. The method may comprise heating the plant material to a temperature of about 10 ° C (50 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F), such as about 10 ° C (50 ° F) to about 37 ° C (100 ° F), about 10 ° C (50 ° F) to about 65 ° C (150 ° F), about 148 ° C (300 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F) ), about 156 ° C (314 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F), about 156 ° C (314 ° F) to about 219 ° C (427 ° F), about 156 ° C (314 ° F) to about 204 ° C (400 ° F), about 185 ° C (365 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F), about 185 ° C (365 ° F) at about 219 ° C (427 ° F), or about 185 ° C (365 ° F) at about 204 ° C (400 ° F). Heating does not, preferably, cause pyrolysis of vegetable oil or plant material.
[0119] One method preferably comprises monitoring a temperature inside the extraction chamber. The method may comprise monitoring the temperature of the plant material within the extraction chamber. The precise method for monitoring the temperature is not particularly limiting, and the temperature can be monitored using any known method, for example, by monitoring a thermocouple disposed within the extraction chamber.
[0120] One method may comprise maintaining a vaporization temperature within the extraction chamber. The vaporization temperature is preferably maintained above the boiling point of the vegetable oil and below the auto-ignition temperature of the vegetable material, for example, below about 232 ° C (450 ° F). The vaporization temperature can be about 10 ° C (50 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F), such as about 10 ° C (50 ° F) to about 37 ° C (100 ° F) ), about 10 ° C (50 ° F) to about 65 ° C (150 ° F), about 148 ° C (300 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F), 156 ° C ( 314
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49/55 ° F) at about 232 ° C (450 ° F), about 156 ° C (314 ° F) at about 219 ° C (427 ° F), about 156 ° C (314 ° F) at about 204 ° C (400 ° F), about 185 ° C (365 ° F) at about 232 ° C (450 ° F), about 185 ° C (365 ° F) at about 219 ° C (427 ° F), or about 185 ° C (365 ° F) to about 204 ° C (400 ° F). Maintaining a vaporization temperature does not, preferably, cause pyrolysis of vegetable oil or plant material.
[0121] One method may comprise maintaining a temperature inside the extraction chamber at about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about from 93 ° C (200 ° F), about 65 ° C (150 ° F) to about 121 ° C (250 ° F), or about 93 ° C (200 ° F) to about 148 ° C ( 300 ° F).
[0122] One method may comprise adjusting the power of microwave radiation, for example, to maintain a temperature within a specified range. Adjusting the power of microwave radiation may comprise, for example, adjusting the intensity of microwave radiation that radiates the microwave absorber and / or turning on and off microwave radiation that radiates the agent microwave absorption.
[0123] The method may comprise maintaining a vaporization temperature within the extraction chamber for about 5 seconds to two minutes, such as 5 seconds to 30 seconds, 30 seconds to 45 seconds, 30 seconds to one minute, one minute to two minutes, or 2 minutes to about 5 hours, such as about 2 minutes to about 120 minutes, about 4 minutes to about 60 minutes, about 8 minutes to about 40 minutes, about 2 minutes to about 10 minutes, about 5 minutes to about 15 minutes, about 10 minutes to about 20 minutes, about 15 minutes to about 30 minutes, or about 20 minutes to about 40 minutes.
[0124] One method may comprise changing the direction of propagation of microwave radiation in relation to the microwave absorbing agent, for example, to evenly heat the oil
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50/55 vegetable and / or vegetable material. Changing the direction of propagation may comprise, for example, shaking, shaking or rotating plant material and / or microwave absorbing agent / composition while the microwave absorbing agent is irradiated. For example, the method may comprise rotating or shaking the extraction chamber or a cartridge disposed within the extraction chamber. The method may comprise agitating the plant material and microwave-absorbing agent / composition, for example, with an agitator, such as an agitator comprising one or more blades.
[0125] One method may comprise cooling and / or condensing the volatile oil in the cooling chamber. Cooling and / or condensing the volatilized oil typically produces a condensed oil. Cooling and / or condensing is typically accomplished by directing the volatile oil to a surface of the cooling chamber, where the surface has a temperature below the boiling point of the volatile oil. The cooling chamber can comprise at least one surface that has a temperature below the boiling point of the volatile oil.
[0126] In some embodiments, the temperature of at least one surface is maintained at or above room temperature. Temperatures higher than room temperature typically reduce the viscosity of a condensed oil, which can provide advantages for collecting the condensed oil. The ambient temperature is 21 ° C (70 ° F), according to the term "ambient temperature" is used in this document.
[0127] In some embodiments, the temperature of at least one surface is maintained at or above the boiling point of water at the pressure contained within the cooling chamber, that is, 100 ° C (212 ° F) at atmospheric pressure or - 9 ° C (15 ° F) in 99.7% vacuum, which can allow oil condensation without water condensation. In some embodiments, at least one surface can be kept below the boiling point of water, depending on the nature of the cooling chamber and the
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51/55 volatile oil, for example, to increase the yield of condensed oil.
[0128] One method may comprise maintaining at least one surface of the cooling chamber at a temperature of about 21 ° C (70 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), such as about 26 ° C ( 80 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 65 ° C (150 ° F) to about from 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 93 ° C (200 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 100 ° C (212 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 121 ° C (250 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 148 ° C (300 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 26 ° C (80 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 65 ° C (150 ° F) about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 93 ° C (200 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 100 ° C (212 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 121 ° C (250 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 26 ° C (80 ° F) to about 121 ° C (250 ° F) ), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about from 121 ° C (250 ° F), about 65 ° C (150 ° F) to about 121 ° C (250 ° F), about 93 ° C (200 ° F) to about 121 ° C (250 ° F), about 100 ° C (212 ° F) to about 121 ° C (250 ° F), about 26 ° C (80 ° F) to about 93 ° C (200 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about 93 ° C (200 ° F), about 65 ° C (150 ° F) to about 93 ° C (200 ° F), about 26 ° C (80 ° F) at about 65 ° C (150 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) at about 65 ° C (150 ° F), or about 26 ° C (80 ° F) at about 37 ° C (100 ° F).
[0129] A method can optionally comprise additionally applying a vacuum to the extraction chamber and / or removable cartridge.
[0130] One method may comprise maintaining at least one surface of the cooling chamber at a temperature of about -17 ° C (0 ° F) to about -198 ° C (-325 ° F), such as about - 17 ° C (0 ° F) to about -45 ° C (-50 ° F), about -17 ° C (0 ° F) to about -73 ° C (-100 ° F), or about -45 ° C (-50 ° F) to about -101 ° C (-150 ° F), for example, where the method also includes applying a vacuum to the extraction chamber and / or cartridge
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52/55 removable. One method may comprise maintaining at least one surface of the cooling chamber at a temperature of about 10 ° C (50 ° F) to about -17 ° C (0 ° F), such as about 10 ° C (50 ° F) F) at about -1 ° C (30 ° F), about 4 ° C (40 ° F) at about -6 ° C (20 ° F), about -1 ° C (30 ° F) at about -12 ° C (10 ° F), or about -6 ° C (20 ° F) to about -17 ° C (0 ° F).
[0131] A method may comprise collecting at least a portion of the condensed oil, thereby producing a collected oil. One method may comprise collecting essentially all the condensed oil. Collecting at least a portion of the condensed oil typically comprises transferring the condensed oil from the surface (or surfaces) of a cooling chamber to a separate compartment, which can be completed passively (for example, through gravity), mechanically (by by means of a pump or blade) or manually (for example, by opening the cooling chamber and removing the condensed oil from it).
[0132] A method can optionally comprise removing water from condensed oil or collected oil. The water can be removed from the collected oil, for example, by heating the collected oil to a temperature higher than the boiling point of water (for example, at atmospheric pressure or with the aid of a vacuum to decrease the boiling point of water) thus evaporating the water from the collected oil. The water can be removed simply by separating the aqueous phase from the collected oil.
[0133] A method, according to the various modalities described in this document, does not typically comprise steam distillation. In some embodiments, the mass of vegetable oil that is volatized from plant material is greater than the mass of water that is volatized from plant material. The ratio of the mass of vegetable oil that is volatized from plant material to the mass of water that is volatized from plant material can be, for example, at least about 1: 3, about 1: 2, about 1:
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53/55
1, about 2: 1 or about 3: 1.
K. COLLECTED OIL [0134] A collected oil is a vegetable oil or a mixture of vegetable oils, as the term vegetable oil is described in this document. A collected oil is typically suitable for human consumption, for example, as it has been purified from plant material through distillation. A collected oil does not typically contain an organic solvent, such as isobutane, ethanol or chloroform. In some instances, a collected oil does, however, contain trace ethanol, as ethanol can be used to rinse or clean the systems described in this document. A collected oil can comprise, for example, cannabidiol and / or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. At least about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99 % of an oil collected may consist of a form of cannabidiol and / or tetrahydrocannabinol or other cannabinoids.
L. EXEMPLIFICATIVE SYSTEM WITHOUT LIMITATION [0135] As illustrated in Figure 1, a system may include a microwave chamber 1, a microwave-penetrable plant material cartridge 2, a mixture of plant material and an absorbent agent microwave 3 (prepared plant material) contained in the plant material cartridge 2, a microwave protection end 4 of the plant material cartridge that facilitates insertion of a first opening of the microwave chamber, a filter block 5 which can be placed inside or adjacent to the plant material cartridge 2, a sealing surface 6 that is in contact with the plant material cartridge 2 (or used as a cover / plug for the plant material cartridge 2), an outlet steam 7 (for example, second opening) which allows vapors to pass from inside the vegetable material cartridge 2 and out of the microwave chamber 1, a steam condenser 8, which can be optionally coated with c with a refrigerant, a condensed oil tank 9, a temperature sensor
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54/55 plant material cartridge 10, a cooling chamber temperature sensor 11 and a microwave emitter 12.
[0136] To operate the invention shown in Figure 1, an empty plant material cartridge 2 is placed on a flat surface with the microwave protection end 4 down. The plant material cartridge 2 is loaded with a mixture of plant material and a microwave absorbing agent 3 to provide a prepared plant material. The microwave absorbing agent may comprise one or more various types of polar substrates, such as substrates that contain ions and / or dipoles, or any other substance or substrate that is excited by microwave radiation. Since the plant material cartridge 2 is loaded with prepared plant material 3, a filter 5, which may comprise fiberglass, is optionally placed over the prepared plant material 3 and the prepared plant material 3 is tightly packed. The plant material cartridge 2 is then inserted through the top of the microwave chamber 1, so that it is firmly in contact with the lower surface of the microwave chamber 1. A limit switch or locking device can be used to ensure that the plant material cartridge 2 is properly inserted into the microwave chamber 1.
[0137] Once inserted in the microwave chamber 1, the microwave emitter 12 emits microwave radiation to the plant material cartridge 2. The microwave radiation dielectrically heats the microwave absorber waves, which heats the plant material. A microwave safe temperature sensor 10 is used to provide feedback to the microwave emitter controls to inhibit overheating or pyrolysis of plant material and / or vegetable oil. As the plant material is heated, the vegetable oil inside the plant material vaporizes and leaves the plant material cartridge 2 through the steam outlet 7 (second opening). The vaporized oil then comes into contact with a surface of the steam condenser 8, thus allowing the oil
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Vaporized 55/55 condenses in a condensed oil. The temperature of the steam condenser 8 can optionally be maintained at a temperature that is cool enough to condense the vaporized oil, and still warm enough to maintain the condensed oil flow. Alternatively, the temperature of the steam condenser 8 can be kept relatively cold to capture the volatized oil and then intermittently heated to allow the condensed oil to flow. Condensed oil flows from the steam condenser 8 to an oil collection reservoir 9.
[0138] Those of skill in the art will recognize that the modalities described in the present document of the present invention can be changed in other ways without departing from the scope or teaching of the present invention. Those of skill in the art will also recognize that several other portions of the electromagnetic spectrum can be used in place of microwaves and will still be within the scope of this invention. The following claims, including all equivalents, define the scope of the invention.

权利要求:
Claims (94)
[1]
1. Method for extracting oil from plant material characterized by the fact that it comprises:
provide a system for extracting oil from plant material, in which the system comprises (a) a microwave emitter, (b) an extraction chamber in communication with the microwave emitter, so that microwave radiation waves emitted by the microwave emitter are directed to the extraction chamber, and (c) a cooling chamber in communication with the extraction chamber, so that volatile oil in the extraction chamber is directed to the cooling chamber;
combining a plant material and a microwave absorber;
insert the plant material and the microwave absorption agent into the extraction chamber;
irradiating the microwave absorber with microwave radiation emitted from the microwave emitter by heating dielectrically, thereby the microwave absorber and / or heating the microwave absorber through interfacial polarization, heating the plant material and volatilizing a vegetable oil from the plant material to produce a volatized oil;
condensing the volatilized oil in the cooling chamber, thereby producing a condensed oil; and collecting a portion of the condensed oil, thereby producing a collected oil that is suitable for human consumption.
[2]
2. Method, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that:
combining the plant material with the microwave absorbing agent comprises combining the plant material with a microwave absorbing composition comprising the microwave absorbing agent;
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2/18 the microwave absorption composition comprises a mixture of solids sized from about 50 pm to about 5 cm; and at least some solids in the solid mixture comprise the microwave absorbing agent.
[3]
3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the solids of the solids mixture are sized from about 0.1 pm to about 250 pm, about 0.1 pm to about 500 pm, about from 0.1 pm to about 1 mm, about 50 pm to about 500 pm, about 100 pm to about 1 mm, about 500 pm to about 5 mm, about 1 mm to about 1 cm , or about 5 mm to about 5 cm.
[4]
Method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the mixture of solids comprises a powder, grain and / or flakes.
[5]
5. Method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by the fact that the mixture of solids comprises microspheres, structured packaging, fibers and / or rods.
[6]
Method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the mixture of solids comprises metal, glass, ceramics, sand and / or clay.
[7]
7. Method, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that:
combining the plant material with the microwave absorbing agent comprises combining the plant material with a microwave absorbing composition comprising the microwave absorbing agent;
the microwave absorption composition comprises at least one rod, tube or sheet;
the at least one stem, tube or leaf is at least about 1 cm to about 100 cm in size; and
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3/18 the at least one stem, tube or leaf comprises the microwave absorber.
[8]
8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the at least one stem, tube or leaf has at least a dimension of about 1 cm to about 10 cm, about 5 cm to about 50 cm , or about 10 cm to about 100 cm.
[9]
9. Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized by the fact that:
the microwave absorption composition comprises at least one sheet; and combining the plant material with the microwave-absorbing agent comprises spreading the plant material on the sheet and laminating the sheet on a rolled sheet.
[10]
Method according to any one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the microwave absorption composition is not a liquid and the microwave absorption composition does not contain a liquid.
[11]
Method according to any one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the microwave absorption composition comprises a solid component and a liquid component.
[12]
12. Method, according to any of the previous claims, characterized by the fact that:
combining the plant material with the microwave absorbing agent comprises combining the plant material with a microwave absorbing composition comprising the microwave absorbing agent; and the microwave absorption composition comprises a substrate that is impregnated with one or more microwave absorption agents.
[13]
13. Method according to claim 12,
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4/18 characterized by the fact that the substrate is glass, ceramics, clay, salt, metal, sand or crushed stone.
[14]
14. Method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the one or more microwave absorbing agents consist of polar molecules, dipole molecules, carbon, carbonates, ions and / or impurities within the substrate.
[15]
15. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the microwave absorber is a liquid.
[16]
16. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the microwave absorbing agent has a boiling point greater than 182 ° C (360 ° F) at atmospheric pressure.
[17]
17. Method according to claim 16, characterized by the fact that the microwave absorber has a boiling point greater than 232 ° C (450 ° F) at atmospheric pressure.
[18]
18. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the microwave absorbing agent is a compound other than water.
[19]
19. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the microwave absorbing agent is a compound that is not present in food nor is found, in any other way, in a typical human diet.
[20]
20. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the plant material consists of less than 20% by weight of water.
[21]
21. Method according to claim 20, characterized in that the plant material consists of less than 10% by weight of water.
[22]
22. Method, according to any of the
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5/18 previous claims, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises drying the plant material before irradiating the microwave absorbing agent.
[23]
23. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it additionally comprises changing the direction of propagation of microwave radiation in relation to the microwave absorbing agent to evenly heat the plant material.
[24]
24. Method according to claim 23, characterized in that changing the direction of propagation of microwave radiation in relation to the microwave absorption agent comprises shaking, shaking or rotating the plant material and the drying agent microwave absorption while the microwave absorbing agent is irradiated.
[25]
25. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the method does not cause pyrolysis of vegetable oil, volatile oil, condensed oil or collected oil.
[26]
26. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the method does not cause pyrolysis of the plant material.
[27]
27. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises monitoring at least one temperature inside the extraction chamber.
[28]
28. Method according to claim 27, characterized by the fact that at least one temperature inside the extraction chamber includes the temperature of the plant material and / or the temperature of the microwave absorber.
[29]
29. Method, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that it comprises,
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6/18 additionally, keep the temperature inside the extraction chamber at about 10 ° C (50 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F), about 10 ° C (50 ° F) at about 37 ° C (100 ° F), about 10 ° C (50 ° F) to about 65 ° C (150 ° F), about 148 ° C (300 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F) ), about 156 ° C (314 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F), about 156 ° C (314 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F), about 156 ° C (314 ° F) to about 219 ° C (427 ° F), about 156 ° C (314 ° F) to about 204 ° C (400 ° F), about 185 ° C (365 ° F) at about 232 ° C (450 ° F), about 185 ° C (365 ° F) at about 219 ° C (427 ° F), or about 185 ° C (365 ° F) at about 204 ° C (400 ° F).
[30]
30. Method according to claim 29, characterized in that it additionally comprises maintaining a temperature inside the extraction chamber at about 148 ° C (300 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F) .
[31]
31. Method according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that maintaining a temperature comprises adjusting the microwave radiation power.
[32]
32. Method according to claim 31, characterized in that adjusting the microwave radiation power comprises adjusting the microwave radiation intensity that radiates the microwave absorber and / or switching on and turn off microwave radiation that radiates the microwave absorber.
[33]
33. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it additionally comprises maintaining at least one surface of the cooling chamber at a temperature of about 21 ° C (70 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F).
[34]
34. Method according to claim 33, characterized in that it comprises maintaining at least one surface of the cooling chamber at a temperature of about 26 ° C (80 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 65 ° C (150 ° F) to about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 93 ° C (200
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7/18 ° F) at about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 100 ° C (212 ° F) at about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 121 ° C (250 ° F) at about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 148 ° C (300 ° F) at about 156 ° C (314 ° F), about 26 ° C (80 ° F) at about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 65 ° C (150 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 93 ° C (200 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 100 ° C (212 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 121 ° C ( 250 ° F) to about 148 ° C (300 ° F), about 26 ° C (80 ° F) to about 121 ° C (250 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about from 121 ° C (250 ° F), about 65 ° C (150 ° F) to about 121 ° C (250 ° F), about 93 ° C (200 ° F) to about 121 ° C (250 ° F), about 100 ° C (212 ° F) to about 121 ° C (250 ° F), about 26 ° C (80 ° F) to about 93 ° C (200 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about 93 ° C (200 ° F), about 65 ° C (150 ° F) to about 93 ° C (200 ° F), about 26 ° C (80 ° F) to about 65 ° C (150 ° F), about 37 ° C (100 ° F) to about 65 ° C (150 ° F), or about 26 ° C (80 ° F) at about 37 ° C (100 ° F).
[35]
35. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 32, characterized in that it additionally comprises maintaining at least one surface of the cooling chamber at a temperature of about -17 ° C (0 ° F) to about from -198 ° C (-325 ° F), about -17 ° C (0 ° F) to about -45 ° C (-50 ° F), about -17 ° C (0 ° F) to about -73 ° C (-100 ° F), about -45 ° C (-50 ° F) to about -101 ° C (-150 ° F), about 10 ° C (50 ° F) to about -17 ° C (0 ° F), about 10 ° C (50 ° F) to about -1 ° C (30 ° F), about -1 ° C (30 ° F) to about -12 ° C (10 ° F), or about 1 ° C (30 ° F) to -17 ° C (0 ° F).
[36]
36. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it additionally comprises applying a vacuum to the extraction chamber.
[37]
37. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises removing water from the collected oil.
[38]
38. The method of claim 37,
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8/18 characterized by the fact that removing water from the collected oil comprises maintaining at least part of the cooling chamber at a temperature that is above the boiling point of the water at the internal pressure of the cooling chamber, thus preventing water condense in the cooling chamber or in the collected oil.
[39]
39. Method according to claim 38, characterized in that removing water from the collected oil comprises separating an aqueous phase from the collected oil.
[40]
40. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that volatile oil, condensed oil and collected oil lack organic solvent.
[41]
41. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that volatile oil, condensed oil and collected oil lack butane, ethanol and chloroform.
[42]
42. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that inserting the plant material and the microwave absorber into the extraction chamber comprises inserting a cartridge comprising the plant material and the absorption agent microwave in the extraction chamber.
[43]
43. Method, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that:
the extraction chamber comprises a first opening and a second opening;
the plant material and the microwave-absorbing agent are inserted into the extraction chamber through the first opening; and the volatile oil in the extraction chamber is directed to the cooling chamber through the second opening.
[44]
44. Method according to claim 43, characterized in that it additionally comprises sealing the first opening of the extraction chamber before irradiating the
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9/18 microwave, so that the volatile oil cannot leave the extraction chamber through the first opening.
[45]
45. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the plant material comprises hemp or cannabis.
[46]
46. Method according to claim 45, characterized by the fact that the plant material comprises cannabis sativa, cannabis indica, cannabis ruderalis, a hybridized cross of a cannabis species or family, or a combination of two or more of the above .
[47]
47. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the volatile oil, condensed oil and collected oil comprise cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabidivarin (CBDV), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) , delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol, cannabicromene, a chemically converted cannabinoid, any other cannabinoid, any other cannabinoid, , mircene, limonene, humulene, pinene or a combination of two or more of the above.
[48]
48. Method according to claim 47, characterized in that the volatile oil, condensed oil and collected oil comprise tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
[49]
49. Method according to claim 47 or 48, characterized in that the volatile oil, condensed oil and collected oil comprise cannabidiol (CBD).
[50]
50. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the collected oil is suitable for use in a pharmaceutical formulation.
[51]
51. Method, according to any of the previous claims, characterized by the fact that the collected oil is
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10/18 suitable for use as a psychotropic substance.
[52]
52. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method does not comprise steam distillation.
[53]
53. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mass of vegetable oil that is volatized from the plant material is greater than the mass of water that is volatized from the plant material.
[54]
54. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio of the mass of vegetable oil that is volatized from the plant material to the mass of water that is volatized from the plant material is at least about 1: 3, about 1: 2, about 1: 1, about 2: 1 or about 3: 1.
[55]
55. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the boiling point of vegetable oil is greater than 100 ° C (212 ° F).
[56]
56. Method for extracting tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and / or cannabidiol (CBD) from hemp or cannabis characterized by the fact that it comprises:
provide a system for extracting oil from plant material, in which the system comprises (a) a microwave emitter, (b) an extraction chamber in communication with the microwave emitter, so that microwave radiation waves emitted by the microwave emitter are directed to the extraction chamber, and (c) a cooling chamber in communication with the extraction chamber, so that volatile oil in the extraction chamber is directed to the cooling chamber;
combining a plant material and a microwave absorber;
insert the plant material and the microwave absorption agent into the extraction chamber;
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11/18 irradiate the microwave absorber with microwave radiation emitted from the microwave emitter by heating dielectrically, thus the microwave absorber and / or heating the microwave absorber through interfacial polarization, heating the plant material to a temperature of about 156 ° C (314 ° F) to about 232 ° C (450 ° F) and volatizing THC and / or CBD of the plant material to produce a volatile oil that comprises THC and / or CBD;
condensing the volatilized oil at a temperature of about 21 ° C (70 ° F) to about 185 ° C (365 ° F) in the cooling chamber, thereby producing a condensed oil comprising THC and / or CBD; and collect a portion of the condensed oil, thereby producing a collected oil that comprises THC and / or CBD that is suitable for human consumption, where:
the plant material is hemp or cannabis ·, and the method does not cause THC or CBD pyrolysis.
[57]
57. System for extracting oil from plant material characterized by the fact that it comprises:
a microwave emitter;
an extraction chamber in communication with the microwave emitter, so that microwave radiation emitted by the microwave emitter is directed to the extraction chamber; a microwave absorption composition disposed in the extraction chamber, the microwave absorption composition comprising a microwave absorbing agent, and the microwave absorption composition is not a food;
a plant material disposed in the extraction chamber; and
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12/18 a cooling chamber in communication with the extraction chamber, so that volatile oil in the extraction chamber is directed to the cooling chamber, where:
the system is configured to dielectrically heat the microwave absorber and / or heat the microwave absorber through interfacial polarization by microwave radiation emitted from the microwave emitter;
the system is configured to heat the plant material through thermal radiation emitted from the microwave absorption composition, thereby volatizing the oil of the plant material to produce a volatized oil; and the cooling chamber is operable to condense at least a portion of the volatile oil.
[58]
58. System according to claim 57, characterized by the fact that:
the microwave absorption composition comprises a mixture of solids sized from about 0.1 pm to about 5 cm; and at least some solids in the solid mixture comprise the microwave absorbing agent.
[59]
59. System according to claim 58, characterized in that the solids of the solids mixture are sized from about 0.1 pm to about 250 pm, about 0.1 pm to about 500 pm, about from 0.1 pm to about 1 mm, about 50 pm to about 500 pm, about 100 pm to about 1 mm, about 500 pm to about 5 mm, about 1 mm to about 1 cm , or about 5 mm to about 5 cm.
[60]
60. System according to claim 58 or 59, characterized in that the mixture of solids comprises a powder, grain and / or flakes.
[61]
61. System according to claim 58 or 59,
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13/18 characterized by the fact that the mixture of solids comprises microspheres, structured packaging, fibers or rods.
[62]
62. System according to any one of claims 58 to 61, characterized in that the mixture of solids comprises metal, glass, ceramics, sand and / or clay.
[63]
63. System according to claim 57, characterized by the fact that:
the microwave absorption composition comprises at least one rod, tube or sheet;
the at least one stem, tube or leaf is at least about 1 cm to about 100 cm in size; and the at least one stem, tube or leaf comprises the microwave absorbing agent.
[64]
64. System according to claim 63, characterized in that the at least one stem, tube or leaf has at least a dimension of about 1 cm to about 10 cm, about 5 cm to about 50 cm , or about 10 cm to about 100 cm.
[65]
65. The system of claim 63 or 64, characterized in that the microwave absorption composition comprises at least one sheet, and the sheet (or sheets) of at least one sheet is present as a sheet (or leaves) rolled up.
[66]
66. The system of any one of claims 57 to 65, characterized in that the microwave absorption composition is not a liquid and the microwave absorption composition does not contain a liquid.
[67]
67. The system of any one of claims 57 to 65, characterized in that the microwave absorption composition comprises a solid component and a liquid component.
[68]
68. System, according to any of the
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14/18 claims 57 to 67, characterized in that the microwave absorption composition comprises a substrate that is impregnated with one or more microwave absorption agents.
[69]
69. System according to claim 68, characterized by the fact that the substrate is glass, ceramics, clay, salt, metal, sand or crushed stone.
[70]
70. System according to claim 68 or 69, characterized in that the one or more microwave absorbing agents consist of polar molecules, dipole molecules, carbon, carbonates, ions and / or impurities within the substrate.
[71]
71. System according to claim 57, characterized by the fact that the microwave absorption composition is a liquid.
[72]
72. System according to any one of claims 57 to 71, characterized in that the microwave absorbing agent has a boiling point that is greater than 182 ° C (360 ° F) at atmospheric pressure.
[73]
73. System according to claim 72, characterized by the fact that the microwave absorber has a boiling point that is greater than 232 ° C (450 ° F) at atmospheric pressure.
[74]
74. System according to any one of claims 57 to 73, characterized in that the microwave absorbing agent is a compound other than water.
[75]
75. System according to any one of claims 57 to 74, characterized in that the microwave absorbing agent is not present in the food or is not otherwise found in a human diet.
[76]
76. The system according to any one of claims 57 to 75, characterized in that the extraction chamber comprises a first shaped and sized opening to allow
Petition 870190051536, of 05/31/2019, p. 98/155
15/18 that the plant material and the microwave absorption composition enter and leave the extraction chamber.
[77]
77. System according to claim 76, characterized in that it additionally comprises a removable cartridge, wherein: the removable cartridge comprises the plant material and the microwave absorption composition; and the first opening is shaped and sized to allow the removable cartridge to enter and exit the extraction chamber.
[78]
78. System according to claim 77, characterized by the fact that the external walls of the removable cartridge slide in with the internal walls of the extraction chamber.
[79]
79. System according to any one of claims 76 to 78, characterized in that it additionally comprises a sealing disc, in which the sealing disc seals the first opening, thereby preventing the volatilized oil from leaving the extraction chamber through the first opening.
[80]
80. System according to any one of claims 57 to 79, characterized in that the extraction chamber comprises a second opening configured to allow the volatile oil to leave the extraction chamber and enter the cooling chamber.
[81]
81. System according to claim 80, characterized by the fact that the size of the second opening does not exceed 5 cm in any dimension.
[82]
82. System according to claim 81, characterized in that the size of the second opening does not exceed 4 cm, 3 cm, 2 cm, 1 cm, or 5 mm in any dimension.
[83]
83. System according to any of claims 80 to 82, characterized in that it additionally comprises a filter, in which:
the filter is positioned between the plant material and the
Petition 870190051536, of 05/31/2019, p. 99/155
16/18 second opening;
the filter is configured to prevent the passage of solid particles from leaving the extraction chamber through the second opening; and the filter is configured to allow the volatile oil to pass through the second opening.
[84]
84. System according to any of claims 57 to 83, characterized by the fact that:
the extraction chamber comprises a first opening and a second opening;
the first opening is shaped and sized to allow the plant material and the microwave absorption composition to enter and exit the extraction chamber;
the first opening is reversibly sealed, thus preventing the volatile oil from leaving the extraction chamber through the first opening; and the second opening is configured to allow the volatile oil to leave the extraction chamber and enter the cooling chamber.
[85]
85. System according to any one of claims 57 to 84, characterized in that it additionally comprises a vacuum pump, in which the vacuum pump is operable to reduce the pressure inside the extraction chamber or a cartridge removable disposable inside the extraction chamber.
[86]
86. System according to any one of claims 57 to 85, characterized in that the plant material consists of less than 20% by weight of water.
[87]
87. System according to claim 86, characterized by the fact that the plant material consists of less than 10% by weight of water.
[88]
88. System, according to any of the
Petition 870190051536, of 05/31/2019, p. 100/155
17/18 claims 57 to 87, characterized by the fact that it comprises about 100 g to about 100 kg of plant material.
[89]
89. System according to claim 88, characterized in that it comprises about 100 g to about 1 kg, about 200 g to about 2 kg, about 300 g to about 3 kg, about 400 g to about 4 kg, about 500 g to about 5 kg, about 1 kg to about 10 kg, about 5 kg to about 50 kg, or about 10 kg to about 100 kg of plant material.
[90]
90. System according to any of claims 57 to 89, characterized in that the plant material comprises hemp or cannabis.
[91]
91. System according to claim 90, characterized by the fact that the plant material comprises cannabis sativa, cannabis indica, cannabis ruderalis, a hybrid hybrid of a cannabis species or family, or a combination of two or more of the above .
[92]
92. System according to claim 90 or 91, characterized by the fact that the plant material comprises tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
[93]
93. System according to any of claims 90 to 92, characterized in that the plant material comprises cannabidiol (CBD).
[94]
94. System to extract tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and / or cannabidiol (CBD) from hemp or cannabis characterized by the fact that it comprises: a microwave emitter;
an extraction chamber in communication with the microwave emitter, so that microwave radiation emitted by the microwave emitter is directed to the extraction chamber; a microwave absorption composition arranged in the extraction chamber, where the microwave absorption composition is not a food, the
Petition 870190051536, of 05/31/2019, p. 101/155
18/18 The microwave absorption composition comprises a microwave absorber and the microwave absorber has a boiling point that is greater than 182 ° C (360 ° F) at atmospheric pressure;
about 35 g to about 500 kg of plant material disposed in the extraction chamber, where the plant material is hemp or cannabis, and the plant material comprises THC and / or CBD; and a cooling chamber in communication with the extraction chamber, so that THC and / or CBD volatized in the extraction chamber is directed to the cooling chamber, where:
the extraction chamber comprises a first opening and a second opening;
the first opening is shaped and sized to allow the plant material and the microwave absorption composition to enter and exit the extraction chamber;
the first opening is reversibly sealed, thereby preventing THC and / or volatized CBD from leaving the extraction chamber through the first opening;
the second opening is configured to allow THC and / or volatized CBD to exit the extraction chamber and enter the cooling chamber;
the system is configured to dielectrically heat the microwave absorber and / or heat the microwave absorber through interfacial polarization by microwave radiation emitted from the microwave emitter;
the system is configured to heat the plant material through thermal radiation emitted from the microwave absorption composition; and the cooling chamber is operable to condense the volatile THC and / or CBD.

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法律状态:
2021-03-09| B07D| Technical examination (opinion) related to article 229 of industrial property law [chapter 7.4 patent gazette]|Free format text: DE ACORDO COM O ARTIGO 229-C DA LEI NO 10196/2001, QUE MODIFICOU A LEI NO 9279/96, A CONCESSAO DA PATENTE ESTA CONDICIONADA A ANUENCIA PREVIA DA ANVISA. CONSIDERANDO A APROVACAO DOS TERMOS DO PARECER NO 337/PGF/EA/2010, BEM COMO A PORTARIA INTERMINISTERIAL NO 1065 DE 24/05/2012, ENCAMINHA-SE O PRESENTE PEDIDO PARA AS PROVIDENCIAS CABIVEIS. |

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2021-09-08| B07G| Grant request does not fulfill article 229-c lpi (prior consent of anvisa) [chapter 7.7 patent gazette]|Free format text: NOTIFICACAO DE DEVOLUCAO DO PEDIDO EM FUNCAO DA REVOGACAO DO ART. 229-C DA LEI NO 9.279, DE 1996, POR FORCA DA LEI NO 14.195, DE 2021 |

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2021-09-21| B06W| Patent application suspended after preliminary examination (for patents with searches from other patent authorities) [chapter 6.23 patent gazette]|

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2021-10-13| B350| Update of information on the portal [chapter 15.35 patent gazette]|

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US201662428868P| true| 2016-12-01|2016-12-01|

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PCT/US2017/064257|WO2018102711A1|2016-12-01|2017-12-01|Rapid botanical oil distillation device utilizing microwave agent|

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